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    • Managing and rebuilding software RAID on servers using UEFI boot mode

    Objective

    Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) is a technology that mitigates data loss on a server by replicating data across two or more disks.

    The default RAID level for OVHcloud server installations is RAID 1, which doubles the space taken up by your data, effectively halving the useable disk space.

    This guide explains how to manage and rebuild software RAID after a disk replacement on a server using UEFI boot mode.

    Before we begin, please note that this guide focuses on Dedicated servers that use UEFI as the boot mode. This is the case with modern motherboards. If your server uses the legacy boot (BIOS) mode, refer to this guide: Managing and rebuilding software RAID on servers in legacy boot (BIOS) mode.

    To check whether a server runs on legacy BIOS mode or UEFI boot mode, run the following command:

    [user@server_ip ~]# [ -d /sys/firmware/efi ] && echo UEFI || echo BIOS

    For more information on UEFI, consult the following article.

    Requirements

    • A dedicated server with a software RAID configuration
    • Administrative (sudo) access to the server via SSH
    • Understanding of RAID, partitions and GRUB

    Throughout this guide, we use the terms primary disk and secondary disk. In this context:

    • The primary disk is the disk whose ESP (EFI System Partition) is mounted by Linux.
    • The secondary disk(s) are all the other disks in the RAID.

    Instructions

    When you purchase a new server, you may feel the need to perform a series of tests and actions. One such test could be to simulate a disk failure to understand the RAID rebuild process.

    Content overview

    Basic Information

    In a command line session, type the following code to determine the RAID status:

    [user@server_ip ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10]
md3 : active raid1 nvme1n1p3[1] nvme0n1p3[0]
      497875968 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
      bitmap: 2/4 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk

md2 : active raid1 nvme1n1p2[1] nvme0n1p2[0]
      1046528 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

unused devices: <none>

    From the results, we currently have two software RAID devices configured, md2 and md3, with md3 being the larger of the two. md3 consists of two partitions, called nvme0n1p3 and nvme1n1p3.

    The [UU] means that all the disks are working normally. A _ would indicate a failed disk.

    In other cases, you would get the following results:

    Personalities : [raid1]
md3 : active raid1 nvme0n1p3[1] nvme1n1p3[0]
      497875968 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
      bitmap: 2/4 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk

md1 : active raid1 nvme0n1p1[1] nvme1n1p1[0]
      523200 blocks [2/2] [UU]

md2 : active raid1 nvme1n1p2[0] nvme0n1p2[1]
      1046528 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

unused devices: <none>

    The results show three software RAID devices configured, md1, md2 and md3, with md3 being the larger of the three. md3 consists of two partitions, called nvme0n1p3 and nvme1n1p3.

    For a server with SATA disks, you would get the following results:

    [user@server_ip ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10]
md3 : active raid1 sda3[0] sdb3[1]
      3904786432 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
      bitmap: 2/30 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk

md2 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1]
      1046528 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

unused devices: <none>

    This command shows our RAID volumes, but not the partition sizes. We can find that information using fdisk -l:

    fdisk -l
    [user@server_ip ~]# sudo fdisk -l

Disk /dev/nvme1n1: 476.94 GiB, 512110190592 bytes, 1000215216 sectors
Disk model: WDC CL SN720 SDAQNTW-512G-2000
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: A11EDAA3-A984-424B-A6FE-386550A92435

Device             Start        End   Sectors   Size Type
/dev/nvme1n1p1      2048    1048575   1046528   511M EFI System
/dev/nvme1n1p2   1048576    3145727   2097152     1G Linux RAID
/dev/nvme1n1p3   3145728  999161855 996016128 474.9G Linux RAID
/dev/nvme1n1p4 999161856 1000210431   1048576   512M Linux files


Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 476.94 GiB, 512110190592 bytes, 1000215216 sectors
Disk model: WDC CL SN720 SDAQNTW-512G-2000
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: F03AC3C3-D7B7-43F9-88DB-9F12D7281D94

Device              Start        End   Sectors   Size Type
/dev/nvme0n1p1       2048    1048575   1046528   511M EFI System
/dev/nvme0n1p2    1048576    3145727   2097152     1G Linux RAID
/dev/nvme0n1p3    3145728  999161855 996016128 474.9G Linux RAID
/dev/nvme0n1p4  999161856 1000210431   1048576   512M Linux file
/dev/nvme0n1p5 1000211120 1000215182      4063     2M Linux file


Disk /dev/md2: 1022 MiB, 1071644672 bytes, 2093056 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/md3: 474.81 GiB, 509824991232 bytes, 995751936 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

    This command can also be used to identify the partition type.

    For GPT partitions, line 6 shows: Disklabel type: gpt. This information can only be seen when the server is in normal mode.

    Still going by the results, we see that /dev/md2 consists of 1022 MiB and /dev/md3 contains 474.81 GiB. If we were to run the mount command we can also find out the layout of the disk.

    Alternatively, the lsblk command offers a different view of the partitions:

    [user@server_ip ~]# lsblk
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
nvme1n1     259:0    0 476.9G  0 disk
├─nvme1n1p1 259:7    0   511M  0 part
├─nvme1n1p2 259:8    0     1G  0 part
│ └─md2       9:2    0  1022M  0 raid1 /boot
├─nvme1n1p3 259:9    0 474.9G  0 part
│ └─md3       9:3    0 474.8G  0 raid1 /
└─nvme1n1p4 259:10   0   512M  0 part  [SWAP]
nvme0n1     259:1    0 476.9G  0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1 259:2    0   511M  0 part  /boot/efi
├─nvme0n1p2 259:3    0     1G  0 part
│ └─md2       9:2    0  1022M  0 raid1 /boot
├─nvme0n1p3 259:4    0 474.9G  0 part
│ └─md3       9:3    0 474.8G  0 raid1 /
├─nvme0n1p4 259:5    0   512M  0 part  [SWAP]
└─nvme0n1p5 259:6    0     2M  0 part

    Furthermore, if we run lsblk -f, we obtain more information about these partitions, such as the LABEL and UUID:

    [user@server_ip ~]# sudo lsblk -f
NAME        FSTYPE            FSVER            LABEL          UUID                                 FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINT
nvme1n1
├─nvme1n1p1 vfat              FAT16            EFI_SYSPART    B493-9DFA
├─nvme1n1p2 linux_raid_member 1.2              md2            baae988b-bef3-fc07-615f-6f9043cfd5ea
│ └─md2     ext4              1.0              boot           96850c4e-e2b5-4048-8c39-525194e441aa  851.8M     7% /boot
├─nvme1n1p3 linux_raid_member 1.2              md3            ce0c7fac-0032-054c-eef7-7463b2245519
│ └─md3     ext4              1.0              root           6fea39e9-6297-4ea3-82f1-bf1a3e88106a  441.3G     0% /
└─nvme1n1p4 swap              1                swap-nvme1n1p4 483b9b41-ada3-4143-8cac-5bff7afb73c7                [SWAP]
nvme0n1
├─nvme0n1p1 vfat              FAT16            EFI_SYSPART    B486-9781                             504.9M     1% /boot/efi
├─nvme0n1p2 linux_raid_member 1.2              md2            baae988b-bef3-fc07-615f-6f9043cfd5ea
│ └─md2     ext4              1.0              boot           96850c4e-e2b5-4048-8c39-525194e441aa  851.8M     7% /boot
├─nvme0n1p3 linux_raid_member 1.2              md3            ce0c7fac-0032-054c-eef7-7463b2245519
│ └─md3     ext4              1.0              root           6fea39e9-6297-4ea3-82f1-bf1a3e88106a  441.3G     0% /
├─nvme0n1p4 swap              1                swap-nvme0n1p4 51e7172b-adb0-4729-b0f8-613e5dede38b                [SWAP]
└─nvme0n1p5 iso9660           Joliet Extension config-2       2025-08-05-14-55-41-00

    Note the devices, partitions, and mount points, as this is important, especially after replacing a disk. This will allow you to verify that the partitions are correctly mounted on their respective mount points on the new disk.

    In our example, we have:

    • Partitions part of md2 (/boot): nvme0n1p2 and nvme1n1p2.
    • Partitions part of md3 (/): nvme0n1p3 and nvme1n1p3.
    • Swap partitions: nvme0n1p4 and nvme1n1p4.
    • Mounted ESP (/boot/efi): nvme0n1p1.
    • Unmounted ESP: nvme1n1p1.

    The nvme0n1p5 partition is a config drive, i.e. a read-only volume that provides the server with its initial configuration data. It is only read once during initial boot and can be removed afterwards.

    Understanding the EFI System Partition (ESP)

    Unfold this section

    What is an EFI System Partition?

    An EFI System Partition is a partition which can contain the boot loaders, boot managers, or kernel images of an installed operating system. It may also contain system utility programs designed to be run before the operating system boots, as well as data files such as error logs.

    Is the EFI System Partition mirrored in RAID?

    As of December 2025, only the following OS versions mirror the EFI System Partition in RAID for new installations or reinstallations:

    • Debian 13
    • Proxmox 9
    • Ubuntu 25.10
    • AlmaLinux and Rocky Linux 10
    • Fedora 43

    For earlier versions, the EFI partition is not mirrored in RAID; multiple ESPs are created, one per disk. However, only one ESP is mounted at a time. The ESP is mounted at /boot/efi, and the disk on which it is mounted is selected by Linux at boot.

    You can use the lsblk command to confirm whether your partition is part of a RAID setup.

    ESP not mirrored
    ESP mirrored
    lsblk
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINTS
nvme0n1     259:0    0 476.9G  0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1 259:6    0   511M  0 part
├─nvme0n1p2 259:7    0     1G  0 part
│ └─md2       9:2    0  1022M  0 raid1 /boot
├─nvme0n1p3 259:8    0 474.9G  0 part
│ └─md3       9:3    0 474.8G  0 raid1 /
├─nvme0n1p4 259:9    0   512M  0 part  [SWAP]
└─nvme0n1p5 259:10   0     2M  0 part
nvme1n1     259:1    0 476.9G  0 disk
├─nvme1n1p1 259:2    0   511M  0 part  /boot/efi
├─nvme1n1p2 259:3    0     1G  0 part
│ └─md2       9:2    0  1022M  0 raid1 /boot
├─nvme1n1p3 259:4    0 474.9G  0 part
│ └─md3       9:3    0 474.8G  0 raid1 /
└─nvme1n1p4 259:5    0   512M  0 part  [SWAP]

    From the above results, only one EFI system partition is mounted at /boot/efi. The ESPs are therefore not mirrored.

    Does the content of the EFI System Partition change regularly?

    In general, the contents of this partition do not change much and should only change on bootloader (e.g. GRUB) updates.

    However, if your EFI partition is not mirrored, we recommend running an automatic or manual script to synchronise all ESPs, so that they all contain the same up-to-date files. This way, if the drive on which this partition is mounted fails, the server will be able to restart on the ESP of one of the other drives.

    What if the primary disk (with the mounted EFI system partition) fails?

    If your ESP is not mirrored, you may experience the following:

    Info

    Please note that while we explore the most common cases below, there are several other reasons a server may not start in normal mode after a disk replacement.

    Case Study 1 – There have been no changes or major updates (e.g., GRUB) to the OS.

    • The server is able to boot in normal mode and you can proceed with the RAID rebuild.
    • The server is unable to boot in normal mode, use the rescue mode environment to rebuild the RAID and recreate the EFI partition on the new disk.

    Case Study 2 – There have been major system updates (e.g., GRUB), and the ESPs are synchronised.

    • The server is able to boot in normal mode because all ESPs are up-to-date, and the RAID rebuild can be performed in normal mode.
    • The server is unable to boot in normal mode, use the rescue mode environment to rebuild the RAID and recreate the EFI partition on the new disk.

    Case Study 3 – There have been major system updates (e.g. GRUB) to the OS and the ESP partitions have not been synchronised.

    • The server is unable to boot in normal mode, use the rescue mode environment to rebuild the RAID, recreate the EFI System Partition on the new disk, and reinstall the bootloader (e.g., GRUB).
    • The server can boot in normal mode (for example, when the OS is upgraded but the GRUB version remains unchanged), allowing you to proceed with the RAID rebuild.

    In some cases, booting from an out-of-date ESP may fail; for example, a major GRUB update can render the GRUB binary in the ESP incompatible with newer GRUB modules in the /boot partition.

    How can I synchronise my EFI System Partitions, and how often should I synchronise them?

    If your ESP is not mirrored, consider the following:

    Info

    Please note that depending on your operating system, the process might differ. For example, Ubuntu can keep multiple EFI System Partitions synchronised with every GRUB update, but it is the only OS that does so. We recommend consulting the official documentation of your OS to understand how to manage ESPs.

    In this guide, the operating system used is Debian.

    We recommend synchronising your ESPs regularly or after each major system update. By default, all EFI System partitions contain the same files after installation. However, after a major system update, synchronising the ESPs is necessary to ensure the content remains up-to-date.

    Running a script is an effective way to keep your partitions regularly synchronised. Below is a script you can use to manually sync your ESPs. Alternatively, you can set up an automated script to sync them daily or whenever the system boots.

    Before executing the script, ensure that rsync is installed on your system:

    Debian/Ubuntu

    sudo apt install rsync

    CentOS, Red Hat and Fedora

    sudo yum install rsync

    To execute a script in Linux, you need an executable file:

    • Start by creating a .sh file in the directory of your choice, replacing script-name with the name of your choice:
    sudo touch script-name.sh
    • Open the file with a text editor and include the following lines:
    sudo nano script-name.sh
    #!/bin/bash

set -euo pipefail

MOUNTPOINT="/var/lib/grub/esp"
MAIN_PARTITION=$(findmnt -n -o SOURCE /boot/efi)

echo "${MAIN_PARTITION} is the main partition"

mkdir -p "${MOUNTPOINT}"

while read -r partition; do
    if [[ "${partition}" == "${MAIN_PARTITION}" ]]; then
        continue
    fi
    echo "Working on ${partition}"
    mount "${partition}" "${MOUNTPOINT}"
    rsync -ax "/boot/efi/" "${MOUNTPOINT}/"
    umount "${MOUNTPOINT}"
done < <(blkid -o device -t LABEL=EFI_SYSPART)

    Save and exit the file.

    • Make the script executable:
    sudo chmod +x script-name.sh
    • Run the script:
    sudo ./script-name.sh
    • If you are not in the folder:
    ./path/to/folder/script-name.sh

    When the script is executed, the contents of the mounted ESP will be synchronised with the others. You can then mount any unmounted EFI partition at the mount point: /var/lib/grub/esp to access its contents.

    Simulating a disk failure

    Now that we have the necessary information, we can simulate a disk failure. In this example, we will fail the primary disk nvme0n1 (note this is the disk with the mounted ESP).

    The preferred way to do this is via the OVHcloud rescue mode environment.

    Reboot the server into rescue mode and log in with the provided credentials.

    To remove a disk from the RAID, first mark it as Failed, then remove its partitions from the RAID arrays.

    Note: This is just an illustration; adapt the commands to your own configuration.

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath] [faulty]
md3 : active raid1 nvme0n1p3[0] nvme1n1p3[1]
      497875968 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
      bitmap: 0/4 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk

md2 : active raid1 nvme0n1p2[2] nvme1n1p2[1]
      1046528 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

unused devices: <none>

    From the above output, nvme0n1 consists of two partitions in RAID which are nvme0n1p2 and nvme0n1p3.

    Removing the failed disk

    First, we mark the partitions nvme0n1p2 and nvme0n1p3 as failed:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # mdadm --manage /dev/md2 --fail /dev/nvme0n1p2
# mdadm: set /dev/nvme0n1p2 faulty in /dev/md2
    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # mdadm --manage /dev/md3 --fail /dev/nvme0n1p3
# mdadm: set /dev/nvme0n1p3 faulty in /dev/md3

    Next, we run the cat /proc/mdstat command:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath] [faulty]
md3 : active raid1 nvme0n1p3[0](F) nvme1n1p3[1]
      497875968 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
      bitmap: 0/4 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk

md2 : active raid1 nvme0n1p2[2](F) nvme1n1p2[1]
      1046528 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]

unused devices: <none>

    As shown above, the [F] next to the partitions indicates that the disk has failed or is faulty.

    Next, we remove these partitions from the RAID arrays to fully remove the disk from the RAID.

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # mdadm --manage /dev/md2 --remove /dev/nvme0n1p2
# mdadm: hot removed /dev/nvme0n1p2 from /dev/md2
    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # mdadm --manage /dev/md3 --remove /dev/nvme0n1p3
# mdadm: hot removed /dev/nvme0n1p3 from /dev/md3

    The RAID status should now look like this:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath] [faulty]
md3 : active raid1 nvme1n1p3[1]
      497875968 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
      bitmap: 0/4 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk

md2 : active raid1 nvme1n1p2[1]
      1046528 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]

unused devices: <none>

    Now, only two partitions appear in the RAID arrays. We have successfully failed the disk nvme0n1.

    To get a disk similar to an empty one, we run the following command on each partition and then on the disk:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ #
shred -s10M -n1 /dev/nvme0n1p1
shred -s10M -n1 /dev/nvme0n1p2
shred -s10M -n1 /dev/nvme0n1p3
shred -s10M -n1 /dev/nvme0n1p4
shred -s10M -n1 /dev/nvme0n1

    The disk now appears as a new, empty drive:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # lsblk

NAME        MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINTS
nvme1n1     259:0    0 476.9G  0 disk
├─nvme1n1p1 259:1    0   511M  0 part
├─nvme1n1p2 259:2    0     1G  0 part
│ └─md2       9:2    0  1022M  0 raid1
├─nvme1n1p3 259:3    0 474.9G  0 part
│ └─md3       9:3    0 474.8G  0 raid1
└─nvme1n1p4 259:4    0   512M  0 part
nvme0n1     259:5    0 476.9G  0 disk

    To ensure that the disk has been successfully "wiped":

    parted /dev/nvme0n1
GNU Parted 3.5
Using /dev/nvme0n1
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) p
Error: /dev/nvme0n1: unrecognised disk label
Model: WDC CL SN720 SDAQNTW-512G-2000 (nvme)
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 512GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: unknown
Disk Flags:

    For more information on how to prepare and request for a disk replacement, consult this guide.

    Additionally, if you run the following command, you'll get more details on the RAID arrays:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # mdadm --detail /dev/md3

/dev/md3:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Fri Aug  1 14:51:13 2025
        Raid Level : raid1
        Array Size : 497875968 (474.81 GiB 509.82 GB)
     Used Dev Size : 497875968 (474.81 GiB 509.82 GB)
      Raid Devices : 2
     Total Devices : 1
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

     Intent Bitmap : Internal

       Update Time : Fri Aug  1 15:56:17 2025
             State : clean, degraded
    Active Devices : 1
   Working Devices : 1
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 0

Consistency Policy : bitmap

              Name : md3
              UUID : b383c3d5:7fb1bb5e:6b7c4d96:6ea817ff
            Events : 215

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       -       0        0        0      removed
       1     259        4        1      active sync   /dev/nvme1n1p3

    We can now proceed with the disk replacement and RAID rebuild.

    Rebuilding the RAID (with non mirrored ESP)

    Info

    This process may differ depending on the operating system installed on your server. We recommend that you consult the official documentation of your operating system to have access to the proper commands.

    If your server is able to boot in normal mode after the disk replacement, simply proceed with the steps from this section if your EFI system partition is not mirrored or this section if your EFI system partition is mirrored.

    Rebuilding the RAID after the primary disk is replaced (rescue mode)

    Once the disk has been replaced, copy the partition table from the healthy disk (in this example, nvme1n1) to the new one (nvme0n1).

    For GPT partitions

    The command should be in this format: sgdisk -R /dev/new disk /dev/healthy disk

    Example:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # sgdisk -R /dev/nvme0n1 /dev/nvme1n1

    Run lsblk to make sure the partition tables have been properly copied:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # lsblk

NAME        MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINTS
nvme1n1     259:0    0 476.9G  0 disk
├─nvme1n1p1 259:1    0   511M  0 part
├─nvme1n1p2 259:2    0     1G  0 part
│ └─md2       9:2    0  1022M  0 raid1
├─nvme1n1p3 259:3    0 474.9G  0 part
│ └─md3       9:3    0 474.8G  0 raid1
└─nvme1n1p4 259:4    0   512M  0 part
nvme0n1     259:5    0 476.9G  0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1 259:10   0   511M  0 part
├─nvme0n1p2 259:11   0     1G  0 part
├─nvme0n1p3 259:12   0 474.9G  0 part
└─nvme0n1p4 259:13   0   512M  0 part

    Next, randomise the GUID of the new disk to prevent GUID conflicts with other disks:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # sgdisk -G /dev/nvme0n1

    If you receive the message below:

    Warning: The kernel is still using the old partition table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
The operation has completed successfully.

    Run the partprobe command.

    Next, we rebuild the RAID array. The following code snippet shows how to add the new partitions (nvme0n1p2 and nvme0n1p3) back into the RAID array.

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # mdadm --add /dev/md2 /dev/nvme0n1p2
# mdadm: added /dev/nvme0n1p2

root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # mdadm --add /dev/md3 /dev/nvme0n1p3
# mdadm: re-added /dev/nvme0n1p3

    To check the rebuild process:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath] [faulty]
md3 : active raid1 nvme0n1p3[2] nvme1n1p3[1]
      497875968 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
      [>....................]  recovery =  0.1% (801920/497875968) finish=41.3min speed=200480K/sec
      bitmap: 0/4 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk

md2 : active raid1 nvme0n1p2[2] nvme1n1p2[1]
      1046528 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

    Once the RAID rebuild is complete, run the following command to make sure that the partitions have been properly added to the RAID:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # lsblk -f
NAME        FSTYPE            FSVER LABEL          UUID                                 FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINTS
nvme1n1
├─nvme1n1p1 vfat              FAT16 EFI_SYSPART    4629-D183
├─nvme1n1p2 linux_raid_member 1.2   md2            83719c5c-2a27-2a56-5268-7d49d8a1d84f
│ └─md2     ext4              1.0   boot           4de80ae0-dd90-4256-9135-1735e7be4b4d
├─nvme1n1p3 linux_raid_member 1.2   md3            b383c3d5-7fb1-bb5e-6b7c-4d966ea817ff
│ └─md3     ext4              1.0   root           9bf386b6-9523-46bf-b8e5-4b8cc7c5786f
└─nvme1n1p4 swap              1     swap-nvme1n1p4 9bf292e8-0145-4d2f-b891-4cef93c0d209
nvme0n1
├─nvme0n1p1
├─nvme0n1p2 linux_raid_member 1.2   md2            83719c5c-2a27-2a56-5268-7d49d8a1d84f
│ └─md2     ext4              1.0   boot           4de80ae0-dd90-4256-9135-1735e7be4b4d
├─nvme0n1p3 linux_raid_member 1.2   md3            b383c3d5-7fb1-bb5e-6b7c-4d966ea817ff
│ └─md3     ext4              1.0   root           9bf386b6-9523-46bf-b8e5-4b8cc7c5786f
└─nvme0n1p4

    Based on the results above, the partitions on the new disk have been correctly added to the RAID. However, the EFI System Partition and the SWAP partition (in some cases) have not been duplicated, which is normal since they are not included in the RAID.

    Warning

    The examples above are merely illustrating the necessary steps based on a default server configuration. The information in the output table depends on your server's hardware and its partition scheme. When in doubt, consult the documentation of your operating system.

    If you require professional assistance with server administration, consider the details in the Go further section of this guide.

    Recreating the EFI System Partition

    To recreate the EFI system partition on the new disk, we need to format nvme0n1p1 and then replicate the contents of the healthy partition (in our example: nvme1n1p1) onto it.

    Here, we assume that both partitions have been synchronised and contain up-to-date files.

    Warning

    If there was a major system update such as kernel or grub and both partitions were not synchronised, consult this section once you are done creating the new EFI System Partition.

    First, format the partition:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # mkfs.vfat /dev/nvme0n1p1

    Next, label the partition as EFI_SYSPART (this naming is specific to OVHcloud):

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # fatlabel /dev/nvme0n1p1 EFI_SYSPART

    Next, duplicate the contents of nvme1n1p1 to nvme0n1p1.

    Start by creating two folders, named "old" and "new" in this example:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # mkdir old new

    Mount nvme1n1p1 in the 'old' folder and nvme0n1p1 in the 'new' folder to make the distinction:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # mount /dev/nvme1n1p1 old
root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 new

    Copy the files from the 'old' folder to 'new' one:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # rsync -axv old/ new/
sending incremental file list
EFI/
EFI/debian/
EFI/debian/BOOTX64.CSV
EFI/debian/fbx64.efi
EFI/debian/grub.cfg
EFI/debian/grubx64.efi
EFI/debian/mmx64.efi
EFI/debian/shimx64.efi

sent 6,099,848 bytes  received 165 bytes  12,200,026.00 bytes/sec
total size is 6,097,843  speedup is 1.00

    Once this is done, unmount both partitions:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # umount /dev/nvme0n1p1
root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # umount /dev/nvme1n1p1

    Next, mount the partition containing the root of the operating system on /mnt. In this example, that partition is md3.

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # mount /dev/md3 /mnt

    Mount the following directories to ensure that all changes made in the chroot environment work correctly:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ #
mount --types proc /proc /mnt/proc
mount --rbind /sys /mnt/sys
mount --make-rslave /mnt/sys
mount --rbind /dev /mnt/dev
mount --make-rslave /mnt/dev
mount --bind /run /mnt/run
mount --make-slave /mnt/run

    Next, use the chroot command to access the mount point and verify that the new ESP has been properly created and that the system recognises both ESPs:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # chroot /mnt

    To view the ESP partitions, run the command blkid -t LABEL=EFI_SYSPART:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu:/# blkid -t LABEL=EFI_SYSPART
/dev/nvme1n1p1: SEC_TYPE="msdos" LABEL_FATBOOT="EFI_SYSPART" LABEL="EFI_SYSPART" UUID="4629-D183" BLOCK_SIZE="512" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="primary" PARTUUID="889f241b-49c3-4031-b5c9-60df0746f98f"
/dev/nvme0n1p1: SEC_TYPE="msdos" LABEL_FATBOOT="EFI_SYSPART" LABEL="EFI_SYSPART" UUID="521F-300B" BLOCK_SIZE="512" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="primary" PARTUUID="02bf2b2d-7ada-4461-ba50-07683519f65d"

    The results show that the new ESP has been created correctly and that the LABEL has been applied properly.

    Once done, exit the chroot environment:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu:/# exit

    Next, consult this section to recreate the SWAP partition (if applicable).

    Rebuilding RAID with unsynchronised ESPs after major system updates (GRUB)

    Unfold this section
    Warning

    Only follow the steps in this section if they apply to your case.

    If the primary disk is replaced while it contains EFI system partitions that have not been synchronised after major system updates that have modified the GRUB, booting from one of the secondary disks with an obsolete ESP may fail.

    In this case, along with rebuilding the RAID and recreating the EFI system partition in rescue mode, you must also reinstall GRUB on it.

    Once the ESP has been created (as explained above) and the system recognises both partitions, still in the chroot environment, create the /boot/efi folder to mount the new EFI system partition nvme0n1p1:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu:/# mount /boot
root@rescue12-customer-eu:/# mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /boot/efi

    Next, reinstall the GRUB bootloader:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu:/# grub-install --efi-directory=/boot/efi /dev/nvme0n1p1

    Then, run the following command:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu:/# update-grub

    Once done, exit the chroot environment:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu:/# exit

    Next, consult this section to recreate the SWAP partition (if applicable).

    Rebuilding the RAID after the primary disk is replaced (normal mode)

    Unfold this section

    If your server is able to boot in normal mode after the primary disk is replaced, proceed with the following steps to rebuild the RAID.

    Once the disk is replaced, copy the partition table from the healthy disk (in this example, nvme1n1) to the new disk (nvme0n1).

    For GPT partitions

    sudo sgdisk -R /dev/nvme0n1 /dev/nvme1n1

    The command should be in this format: sgdisk -R /dev/new disk /dev/healthy disk.

    Next, randomise the GUID of the new disk to prevent GUID conflicts with other disks:

    sudo sgdisk -G /dev/nvme0n1

    If you receive the following message:

    Warning: The kernel is still using the old partition table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you
run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
The operation has completed successfully.

    Run the partprobe command. If you still cannot see the newly-created partitions (by running lsblk), you need to reboot the server before continuing.

    Next, add the partitions to the RAID:

    [user@server_ip ~]# sudo mdadm --add /dev/md2 /dev/nvme0n1p2

# mdadm: added /dev/nvme0n1p2

[user@server_ip ~]# sudo mdadm --add /dev/md3 /dev/nvme0n1p3

# mdadm: re-added /dev/nvme0n1p3

    Use the following command to monitor the RAID rebuild:

    [user@server_ip ~]# cat /proc/mdstat

    Once the rebuild is done, recreate the EFI System Partition on the new disk.

    • First, make sure the necessary tools are installed:

    Debian and Ubuntu

    [user@server_ip ~]# sudo apt install dosfstools

    CentOS

    [user@server_ip ~]# sudo yum install dosfstools
    • Format the partition. In our example nvme0n1p1:
    [user@server_ip ~]# sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/nvme0n1p1
    • Label the partition as EFI_SYSPART (this naming is specific to OVHcloud):
    [user@server_ip ~]# sudo fatlabel /dev/nvme0n1p1 EFI_SYSPART

    Once done, synchronise both partitions using the script provided in this guide.

    • Verify that the new EFI System Partition has been properly created and the system recognises it:
    [user@server_ip ~]# sudo blkid -t LABEL=EFI_SYSPART
/dev/nvme1n1p1: SEC_TYPE="msdos" LABEL_FATBOOT="EFI_SYSPART" LABEL="EFI_SYSPART" UUID="4629-D183" BLOCK_SIZE="512" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="primary" PARTUUID="889f241b-49c3-4031-b5c9-60df0746f98f"
/dev/nvme0n1p1: SEC_TYPE="msdos" LABEL_FATBOOT="EFI_SYSPART" LABEL="EFI_SYSPART" UUID="521F-300B" BLOCK_SIZE="512" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="primary" PARTUUID="02bf2b2d-7ada-4461-ba50-07683519f65d"

    Next, consult this section to recreate the SWAP partition (if applicable).

    Rebuilding the RAID (with mirrored ESP)

    Unfold this section
    In rescue mode
    In normal mode

    Rebuilding the RAID with all partitions mirrored is easier; simply copy the data from the healthy disk to the new disk and recreate the [SWAP] partition (if applicable).

    From the illustrations above, the RAID status should like this after a disk failure:

    Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath] [faulty]
md3 : active raid1 nvme1n1p3[2] nvme0n1p3[0](F)
     497875968 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
     bitmap: 0/4 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk

md1 : active raid1 nvme0n1p1[2](F) nvme1n1p1[1]
     523200 blocks [2/1] [_U]

md2 : active raid1 nvme1n1p2[2] nvme0n1p2[0](F)
     1046528 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]

unused devices: <none>

    After the disk is replaced, the first step is to copy the partition table from the healthy disk (in this example, nvme1n1) to the new one (nvme0n1).

    For GPT partitions

    The command should be in this format: sgdisk -R /dev/new disk /dev/healthy disk.

    In our example:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # sgdisk -R /dev/nvme0n1 /dev/nvme1n1

    Run lsblk to make sure the partition tables have been properly copied:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # lsblk

NAME        MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINTS
nvme1n1     259:0    0 476.9G  0 disk
├─nvme1n1p1 259:1    0   511M  0 part
│ └─md1       9:1    0  510.9M 0 raid1
├─nvme1n1p2 259:2    0     1G  0 part
│ └─md2       9:2    0  1022M  0 raid1
├─nvme1n1p3 259:3    0 474.9G  0 part
│ └─md3       9:3    0 474.8G  0 raid1
└─nvme1n1p4 259:4    0   512M  0 part
nvme0n1     259:5    0 476.9G  0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1 259:10   0   511M  0 part
├─nvme0n1p2 259:11   0     1G  0 part
├─nvme0n1p3 259:12   0 474.9G  0 part
└─nvme0n1p4 259:13   0   512M  0 part

    Next, randomise the GUID of the new disk to prevent GUID conflicts with other disks:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # sgdisk -G /dev/nvme0n1

    If you receive the message below:

    Warning: The kernel is still using the old partition table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
The operation has completed successfully.

    Run the partprobe command.

    We can now rebuild the RAID array. The following code snippet shows how to add the new partitions (nvme0n1p1, nvme0n1p2 and nvme0n1p3) back in the RAID array.

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # mdadm --add /dev/md1 /dev/nvme0n1p1
# mdadm: added /dev/nvme0n1p1

root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # mdadm --add /dev/md2 /dev/nvme0n1p2
# mdadm: added /dev/nvme0n1p2

root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # mdadm --add /dev/md3 /dev/nvme0n1p3
# mdadm: added /dev/nvme0n1p3

    To check the rebuild process:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md3 : active raid1 nvme0n1p3[2] nvme1n1p3[0]
      497875968 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
      [=========>...........]  recovery = 47.0% (234461184/497875968) finish=21.
      bitmap: 4/4 pages [16KB], 65536KB chunk

md1 : active raid1 nvme0n1p1[1] nvme1n1p1[0]
     523200 blocks [2/2] [UU]

md2 : active raid1 nvme0n1p2[2] nvme1n1p2[0]
     1046528 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

    Once the rebuild is complete, run the following command to make sure that the partitions have been properly added to the RAID:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # lsblk -f
NAME        FSTYPE            FSVER LABEL          UUID                                 FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINTS
nvme1n1
├─nvme1n1p1 linux_raid_member 0.90.0                          2043a004-0743-7bc6-37f2-12c43604630c
│ └─md1     vfat              FAT16            EFI_SYSPART    D28D-6A4F
├─nvme1n1p2 linux_raid_member 1.2              md2            0772556e-3f45-a551-ab32-c96e502dab22
│ └─md2     xfs                                boot           0b22431a-7020-427c-aa31-324feec6ea84
├─nvme1n1p3 linux_raid_member 1.2              md3            071571aa-1b36-9ef7-15b3-190ffdcf3a8b
│ └─md3     xfs                                root           3a2cb95b-c142-4d72-835b-52fcce99a0c5
├─nvme1n1p4 swap              1                swap-nvme1n1p4 0d502997-853d-4986-b40a-407d5f187e82
└─nvme1n1p5
nvme0n1
├─nvme0n1p1 linux_raid_member 0.90.0                          2043a004-0743-7bc6-37f2-12c43604630c
│ └─md1     vfat              FAT16            EFI_SYSPART    D28D-6A4F
├─nvme0n1p2 linux_raid_member 1.2              md2            0772556e-3f45-a551-ab32-c96e502dab22
│ └─md2     xfs                                boot           0b22431a-7020-427c-aa31-324feec6ea84
├─nvme0n1p3 linux_raid_member 1.2              md3            071571aa-1b36-9ef7-15b3-190ffdcf3a8b
│ └─md3     xfs                                root           3a2cb95b-c142-4d72-835b-52fcce99a0c5
├─nvme0n1p4
└─nvme0n1p5 iso9660           Joliet Extension config-2       2025-12-16-15-40-00-00

    Once done, consult this section to recreate the SWAP partition (if applicable).

    Adding the label to the SWAP partition (if applicable)

    Unfold this section
    Using rescue mode
    Using normal mode

    Outside the chroot environment, recreate the [SWAP] partition nvme0n1p4 and add the label swap-nvmenxxx:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # mkswap /dev/nvme0n1p4 -L swap-nvme0n1p4
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 512 MiB (536866816 bytes)
LABEL=swap-nvme0n1p4, UUID=b3c9e03a-52f5-4683-81b6-cc10091fcd

    Verify that the label has been properly applied:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # lsblk -f
NAME        FSTYPE            FSVER LABEL          UUID                                 FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINTS
nvme1n1
├─nvme1n1p1 vfat              FAT16 EFI_SYSPART    B27E-16D2
├─nvme1n1p2 linux_raid_member 1.2   md2            fb3c5180-526f-56ad-3a0a-3f7961f57684
│ └─md2     xfs                     boot           ed3a4730-b3eb-4aa5-a550-dd6cd188c3a4
├─nvme1n1p3 linux_raid_member 1.2   md3            a14af9ed-f791-46e5-4381-224e6d79088c
│ └─md3     xfs                     root           5041d916-abb3-4dc8-acdc-baeb3977ce6d  469.6G     1% /mnt
└─nvme1n1p4 swap              1     swap-nvme1n1p4 133ca9a3-1bd6-4519-9b5a-01b8ffa55ca4
nvme0n1
├─nvme0n1p1 vfat              FAT16 EFI_SYSPART    3557-B372
├─nvme0n1p2 linux_raid_member 1.2   md2            fb3c5180-526f-56ad-3a0a-3f7961f57684
│ └─md2     xfs                     boot           ed3a4730-b3eb-4aa5-a550-dd6cd188c3a4
├─nvme0n1p3 linux_raid_member 1.2   md3            a14af9ed-f791-46e5-4381-224e6d79088c
│ └─md3     xfs                     root           5041d916-abb3-4dc8-acdc-baeb3977ce6d  469.6G     1% /mnt
└─nvme0n1p4 swap              1     swap-nvme0n1p4 dedd4d49-7d40-40c8-b529-41f251a7ff81

    Access the chroot environment again:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # chroot /mnt

    Retrieve the UUID of both SWAP partitions:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu:/# blkid -s UUID blkid /dev/nvme0n1p4
/dev/nvme0n1p4: UUID="b3c9e03a-52f5-4683-81b6-cc10091fcd15"

root@rescue12-customer-eu:/# blkid -s UUID blkid /dev/nvme1n1p4
/dev/nvme1n1p4: UUID="d6af33cf-fc15-4060-a43c-cb3b5537f58a"

    Next, replace the old UUID of the SWAP partition (nvme0n1p4) with the new one in the /etc/fstab file:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu:/# nano /etc/fstab

    Example:

    UUID=6abfaa3b-e630-457a-bbe0-e00e5b4b59e5       /       ext4    defaults       0       1
UUID=f925a033-0087-40ec-817e-44efab0351ac       /boot   ext4    defaults       0       0
LABEL=EFI_SYSPART       /boot/efi       vfat    defaults        0     1
UUID=b7b5dd38-9b51-4282-8f2d-26c65e8d58ec       swap    swap    defaults       0       0
UUID=d6af33cf-fc15-4060-a43c-cb3b5537f58a       swap    swap    defaults       0       0

    Based on the above results, the old UUID is b7b5dd38-9b51-4282-8f2d-26c65e8d58ec and should be replaced with the new one b3c9e03a-52f5-4683-81b6-cc10091fcd15. Make sure you replace the correct UUID.

    Next, verify that everything is properly mounted with the following command:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu:/# mount -av
/                        : ignored
/boot                    : successfully mounted
/boot/efi                : successfully mounted
swap                     : ignored
swap                     : ignored

    Activate the SWAP partition:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu:/# swapon -av

swapon: /dev/nvme0n1p4: found signature [pagesize=4096, signature=swap]
swapon: /dev/nvme0n1p4: pagesize=4096, swapsize=536870912, devsize=536870912
swapon /dev/nvme0n1p4
swapon: /dev/nvme1n1p4: found signature [pagesize=4096, signature=swap]
swapon: /dev/nvme1n1p4: pagesize=4096, swapsize=536870912, devsize=536870912
swapon /dev/nvme1n1p4

    Exit the chroot environment with exit and reload the system:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # systemctl daemon-reload

    Unmount all the disks:

    root@rescue12-customer-eu (nsxxxxx.ip-xx-xx-xx.eu) ~ # umount -Rl /mnt

    Go further

    Hot Swap - Software RAID

    OVHcloud API and Storage

    Managing hardware RAID

    Hot Swap - Hardware RAID

    For specialised services (SEO, development, etc.), contact OVHcloud partners.

    If you would like assistance using and configuring your OVHcloud solutions, please refer to our support offers.

    If you need training or technical assistance to implement our solutions, contact your sales representative or click on this link to get a quote and ask our Professional Services experts to assist with your specific use case.

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    Managing and rebuilding software RAID on servers using UEFI boot mode

    Webmail My account Support 🇬🇧 English Theme Languages 🇬🇧 English 🇫🇷 Francais 🇬🇧 English 🇩🇪 Deutsch 🇪🇸 Espanol 🇮🇹 Italiano 🇵🇱 Polski 🇵🇹 Portugues Menu On this page Search ⌘K Documentation Beta API Reference Product changelog E-Learning & certifications Migration Bare Metal Cloud Dedicated Servers Overview Key Concepts Bare Metal 3-AZ Region - Service presentation Kimsufi and So you Start customers - Get to know the OVHcloud Control Panel Shared responsibility for Dedicated Servers Understanding the dedicated server boot process Getting Started How to get started with a dedicated server How to get started with a Kimsufi, So You Start or Rise dedicated server How to get started with SSH connections How to create and use authentication keys for SSH connections to OVHcloud servers How to store public authentication keys in the OVHcloud Control Panel How to use the IPMI console with a dedicated server How to obtain the carbon footprint of your OVHcloud services Configuration System How to configure user accounts and root access on a server How to change a Windows Server product key Changing the admin password on a Windows dedicated server How to reset the Windows Administrator password with the Windows customer rescue system How to manage Intel SGX on a dedicated server Hardware upgrade on a High Grade or Scale dedicated server How to assign a tag to a Bare Metal server How to install VMware ESXi 8 on a dedicated server Storage Managing and rebuilding software RAID on servers using legacy boot (BIOS) mode Managing and rebuilding software RAID on servers using UEFI boot mode Managing hardware RAID Hot Swap - Hardware RAID Hot Swap - Software RAID Configuring MegaRAID for RAID Level 0 Configuring a software mirror (RAID) on Windows OVHcloud API and Storage Configuring the storage on a HGR-STOR-2 server Creating a Windows partition on a server with hardware RAID Advance Dedicated Servers - Upgrading your Samsung NVMe PM9A1 firmware High Grade Dedicated Servers - Upgrading your SSD SAS Western Digital SS300 firmware High Grade Dedicated Servers - Upgrading your SSD SAS Western Digital SS530 firmware Dedicated Servers - Upgrading your SSD Solidigm D7-P5520 firmware Dedicated Servers - Upgrading your Micron 7500 PRO firmware How to verify the BMC firmware version on a dedicated server Network Configuring OVHcloud Secondary DNS on a dedicated server Installing an OVHcloud SSH key Configuring OVHcloud Link Aggregation in the OVHcloud Control Panel How to configure your NIC for OVHcloud Link Aggregation in Debian 9 to 11 How to configure Link Aggregation with LACP in Debian 12 or Ubuntu 24.04 How to Configure Your NIC for OVHcloud Link Aggregation in Windows Server 2019 How to Configure Your NIC for OVHcloud Link Aggregation in SLES 15 How to set up a web server (LAMP) on Debian or Ubuntu Manage your server reboot with the OVHcloud Link Aggregation feature Configuring IPv6 on dedicated servers Configuring an IPv6 address on a virtual machine Moving an Additional IP Configuring Additional IPs in bridge mode on your virtual machines What are the IP addresses of the OVHcloud monitoring? Configurer son adresse IP en alias How to configure reverse DNS for your server (PTR record) How to determine if your dedicated server supports virtual MAC addresses Assigning a Virtual MAC to an Additional IP Configuring the network on Windows Server with Hyper-V Configuring the network on Proxmox VE on the High Grade, Scale & Advance ranges Upgrade and downgrade Bandwidth via the OVHcloud API Improving Network Resilience on Bare Metal servers vRack Configuring the vRack on your dedicated servers Configuring Jumbo Frames in vRack Configuring an Additional IP block in a vRack Configuring an Additional IPv6 block in a vRack Change the announcement of an IP block in vRack Creating multiple vLANs in a vRack Setting up a Virtual Machine using Additional IPs and Hyper-V over a vRack Configuring the vRack between the Public Cloud and a Dedicated Server Upgrade and downgrade private bandwidth (vRack) via the OVHcloud API Deployments OVHcloud API and OS Installation Bring Your Own Image (BYOI) / Bring Your Own Linux (BYOLinux), a comparison sheet Bring Your Own Image (BYOI) Bring Your Own Linux (BYOLinux) Configure a custom iPXE script to boot your server from the OVHcloud API Migration Migrate data from one dedicated server to another Copying data from one dedicated server to another using rsync Tutorials How to use PuTTY for SSH connections and authentication Tutorial - Configuring pfSense network bridge How to set up a web server (LAMP) on Debian or Ubuntu Activating Windows Machines using Hyper-V on an OVHcloud licensed Windows Server Installing CUDA on a dedicated GPU server Backing up data and databases on a Storage Server How to use SFTP to transfer files How to create a Palworld compatible server How to install a web development environment on a VPS or a dedicated server How to deploy and verify an OpenNebula Hosted Cloud on Bare Metal servers How to install CloudPanel on a VPS or a Dedicated Server How to install WordPress with Docker on a VPS or a dedicated server How to install WordPress with WP-CLI on a VPS or a dedicated server How to install ISPmanager on a VPS or Dedicated Server How to prevent your emails from being marked as spam Security Hardening How to secure a dedicated server Securing a server with a Memcached service How to mitigate the Zenbleed vulnerability How to mitigate the Downfall vulnerability How to mitigate the Inception vulnerability Find your patch for Meltdown and Spectre Information about Meltdown and Spectre vulnerability fixes AMD SME/SEV on Ubuntu 20 Dedicated Server Security Specifications Manage and secure your ESXi dedicated server from the outset ESXi Dedicated Servers - FAQ Backup Preparing a Bare Metal Server backup with Veeam Enterprise Backing up a Bare Metal Linux Server with Veeam Enterprise Backing Up a Bare Metal Windows Server Using Veeam Agent for Windows Restoring a Bare Metal Server with Veeam Enterprise How to use the backup storage on a dedicated server Network OVHcloud AntiSpam - Best Practices and Unblocking an IP Configuring the firewall on Linux with iptables Configuring the firewall on Windows Enabling and configuring the Edge Network Firewall How to protect a Game server with the application firewall Monitoring DDoS attacks with the Network Security Dashboard How to configure the Anti-DDos Infrastructure for Solana Troubleshooting How to recover server access if your user password is lost How to activate and use rescue mode How to activate and use Windows rescue mode How to replace an SSH key pair Replacing a defective disk How to perform server hardware diagnostics in rescue mode Finding the serial number of a hard disk Finalise a maintenance intervention on your dedicated server Uninstalling the RTM v2 monitoring system How to retrieve databases in rescue mode Network - Fixing slow downloads problems inside containers and VMs running on Proxmox VE servers with Broadcom BCM57502 NICs Virtual Private Servers Overview Getting started Getting started with a VPS VPS - Management from the OVHcloud Control Panel OVHcloud VPS FAQ How to configure user accounts and root access on a server How to get started with SSH connections How to create and use authentication keys for SSH connections to OVHcloud servers How to store public authentication keys in the OVHcloud Control Panel How to upgrade the resources of a VPS Repartitioning a VPS after a storage upgrade First steps with pre-installed applications How to use the KVM console to access a VPS Managing a legacy VPS Configuration Backup options How to use snapshots on a VPS Comment utiliser les sauvegardes automatisees sur un VPS How to configure an additional disk How to increase the size of an additional disk Network and IP management How to configure IPv6 on a VPS How to configure reverse DNS for your server (PTR record) How to configure IP aliasing Configuring OVHcloud Secondary DNS on a VPS Advanced usage How to deploy cPanel on a VPS Automated Backup - Kernel panic (cPanel) Migration How to migrate a website from a VPS to a Dedicated Server or a Public Cloud instance How to migrate an n8n configuration between two VPS Tutorials How to use PuTTY for SSH connections and authentication How to use SFTP to transfer files How to retrieve databases in rescue mode How to create a Minecraft server on a VPS How to create a Palworld compatible server How to set up a web server (LAMP) on Debian or Ubuntu How to install a web development environment on a VPS or a dedicated server How to install CloudPanel on a VPS or a Dedicated Server How to install WordPress with Docker on a VPS or a dedicated server How to install WordPress with WP-CLI on a VPS or a dedicated server Automating the deployment of your website on your VPS via GitHub Actions Automating the deployment of your website on your VPS via GitLab CI/CD How to install n8n on an OVHcloud VPS How to migrate an n8n configuration between two VPS Automate SMS sending with n8n via the OVHcloud API How to create and import a Lovable website on an OVHcloud VPS How to install an AI agent on an OVHcloud VPS How to install ISPmanager on a VPS or Dedicated Server How to install Docker and Docker Compose on a VPS How to install Nextcloud on an OVHcloud VPS with Docker How to install Nextcloud on an OVHcloud VPS with Docker and Traefik How to install OpenClaw on a VPS How to Automate Server Backups with Plakar Security Securiser un VPS How to install an SSL certificate on a VPS Configuring the firewall on Linux with iptables Configuring the firewall on Windows Troubleshooting Checking the file system on a VPS VPS - Enable Windows boot logs Displaying boot logs in the KVM How to use rescue mode on a VPS How to recover server access if your user password is lost Changing the admin password on a Windows server How to replace an SSH key pair How to prevent your emails from being marked as spam Additional resources Public Cloud & VPS - Image and OS life cycle and end of life/support announcements End of Plesk and cPanel support for VPS - Ensuring continuity of your services Managed Bare Metal Overview OVHcloud services and options Setting up a VPN for OVHcloud Zerto DRP Restoring backups via the OVHcloud API Activating and using Veeam Managed Backup Modifying the vCenter access policy Authorising IP addresses for vCenter access FAQ Technical capabilities OVHcloud features Adding an IP block OVHcloud hourly snapshots Changing the User Password VLAN creation Using Managed Bare Metal within a vRack Spare host delivery and return Removing a host server Removing a datastore Changing user rights Adding hourly resources Associating an email with a vSphere user Using the OVHcloud Network plugin How to cancel your Managed Bare Metal offer Getting started Introduction to the Managed Bare Metal Control Panel Configure an IP address on a virtual machine Keeping your vSphere web client secure Logging in to the vSphere interface Migrating an infrastructure to a new vDC Migrating an infrastructure to a Managed Bare Metal solution Managing virtual machines Modifying virtual machine resources Creating a snapshot Creating an alert Cloning a VM Choosing a disk type Installing VMware tools Deploy an OVF Linux, Windows Server and Windows SQL Server template Deploying a virtual machine Avoiding the read-only switch of your VM disk on Linux VMware vSphere features VMware vMotion VMware Storage vMotion VMware HA (High Availability) VMware Fault Tolerance VMware DRS (Distributed Resource Scheduler) Enabling Virtual Machine Encryption (VM Encrypt) Using the vSphere SDK Hosted Private Cloud Public VCF as-a-Service Overview Key Concepts Technical capabilities Hosted Private Cloud VMware Lifecycle Policy Hosted Private Cloud VMware Lifecycle Policy - Determine actions to be taken Responsibility sharing for the VMware on OVHcloud service Datamotive - Introduction Public VCF as-a-Service - The fundamentals of Public VCF as-a-Service Technical capabilities and limitations of Public VCF as-a-Service Getting started Introduction to the Hosted Private Cloud Control Panel Log in to the vSphere web interface Connexion a l'API OVH Public VCF as-a-Service - Logging in to your organization Public VCF as-a-Service - How to use the Public VCF as-a-Service user interface Configuration How to connect an ISO image to a VM How to disconnect an ISO image from a VM Configure an IP address on a virtual machine Public VCF as-a-Service - Network concepts and best practices Public VCF as-a-Service - Creating network components from the Public VCF as-a-Service control panel Public VCF as-a-Service - Linking a public IP block with vRack Public VCF as-a-Service - Declaring the public IP gateway in VCD Migration Migrating a PCC to Hosted Private Cloud Migrating an infrastructure to a new vDC End-Of-Life management for LV1 and LV2 storage Public VCF as-a-Service - Migrate from VMware vSphere on OVHcloud Public VCF as-a-Service - Setting up your network after vSphere to Public VCF as-a-Service migration Reversibility Policy for the Managed Mutualized Virtualization product Tutorials Public VCF as-a-Service - Creating a new virtual machine Public VCF as-a-Service - Backups with Veeam Data Platform Security Troubleshooting Additional resources Hosted Private Cloud FAQ How to obtain the carbon footprint of your OVHcloud services Public VCF as-a-Service - FAQ Managed VMware Key Concepts SPN Concept Concepts overview Getting started Getting started with NSX Activer NSX-T dans un Hosted Private Cloud VMware on OVHcloud Introduction to vRealize Operations - vROPS Getting started with your SecNumCloud vSphere Configuration Virtual Machines Deploying a virtual machine Installing VMware tools Choosing a disk type Modifying virtual machine resources Avoiding the read-only switch of your VM disk on Linux Enabling promiscuous mode on a Virtual Machine Changing the MTU size for machines reaching the OVHcloud Gateway SSL Deploy an OVF template through content libraries Deploy an OVF Linux, Windows Server and Windows SQL Server template OVF Tool Storage and Resources How to add storage? How to add a host? Removing a datastore Removing a host server Uploading an ISO in a datastore Network and Connectivity How to create a VLAN vRack compatibility with Hosted Private Cloud Enable the Private Gateway Adding an IP block Spare host delivery and return Segment management in NSX DHCP Configuration in NSX Configuring DNS Forwarder in NSX Adding a new Tier-1 Gateway in NSX vSphere Features Using the vSphere SDK Managing granular rights on vSphere objects Cluster creation and EVC activation Backup and Replication Activating and using Veeam Managed Backup Setting up Zerto Virtual Replication between two OVHcloud data centres Setting up Zerto multi-site replication on OVHcloud Managed vSphere Using Zerto between OVHcloud and a third-party platform Encrypting backup jobs with Veeam and OKMS Avoiding VM freeze with the Veeam Managed Backup option Migration Migrating OmniOS datastores Move2Cloud - Migrating VMware Workloads to OVHcloud Hosted Private Cloud with Veeam Replication Move2Cloud - Migrate VMware workloads to OVHcloud Hosted Private Cloud with Zerto Move2Cloud - Migrating VMware Workloads to OVHcloud SecNumCloud with Veeam Replication Move2Cloud - Migrate VMware workloads to OVHcloud SecNumCloud Hosted Private Cloud with Zerto Tutorials Virtual Machines Taking a snapshot Cloning a VM Reregister VMs in a new PCC Checking a slow machine Creating an alert VMware vCenter Converter Storage and Replication OVHcloud hourly snapshots Zmotion Restoring backups via the OVHcloud API Delete VM replica from Zerto recovery site Veeam Cloud Connect - How to migrate data from Veeam Cloud Connect to Object Storage Network and NSX Using the OVHcloud Network plugin Using Private Cloud within a vRack Using the OVHcloud plugin in vSphere Configuring NAT for port redirections with NSX Load Balancing configuration in NSX vSphere Features Understanding vScope VMware DRS (Distributed Resource Scheduler) VMware Storage vMotion Using VMware Hyperconvergence with vSAN Adding an ESXi server to a vSAN cluster Updating the vSAN disk format Managing vSAN fault domains VMware vMotion High Availability and Resilience VMware HA (High Availability) VMware Fault Tolerance Security Identity and Access Management IAM for VMware on OVHcloud - Presentation and FAQ IAM for VMware on OVHcloud - How to activate IAM IAM for VMware on OVHcloud - How to create an IAM vSphere role IAM for VMware on OVHcloud - How to associate a vSphere role with an IAM policy IAM for VMware on OVHcloud - How to associate a user with a global IAM policy How to use IAM policies with vSphere Changing the User Password Associating an email with a vSphere user Encryption and Key Management vNKP - Enabling virtual machine encryption Enabling VM encryption with an external KMS KMS for VMware on OVHcloud - VM encryption use case scenarios KMS for VMware on OVHcloud - Configuring VM encryption Mise en route du KMS CipherTrust Manager Network Security (NSX) Distributed Firewall Management in NSX Gateway Firewall Management in NSX Setting up an IPsec Tunnel with NSX Configure BGP between two PCCs via NSX-T System Hardening and Vulnerabilities Keeping your vSphere web client secure Using the secure interface Using two-factor authentication (2FA) on your Private Cloud infrastructure Authorising IP addresses for vCenter access Checking and blocking the L1TF vulnerability Checking and applying patches for Spectre/Meltdown vulnerabilities on your hosts Utiliser le protocole SSLv3 sur Private Cloud Compliance and SecNumCloud Partage de responsabilite sur le service Hosted Private Cloud by VMware sous la qualification SecNumCloud VPN-SPN Concept SPN Connector Concept Troubleshooting Maintenance and Updates VMware on OVHcloud maintenance operations Rescheduling a maintenance on your Hosted Private Cloud Updating hosts using vSphere Lifecycle Management (vLCM) VMware Update Manager Extend Volume in vSphere and in OS Testing a temporary host loss by enabling resilience mode Monitoring and Logs Configuring a vROps alert via the SMTP protocol Logs Data Platform - Collect VMware on OVHcloud logs NSX-T: retrieving logs How to read and filter NSX-T logs Compliance Monitoring Healthcare (HDS) or payment services (PCI DSS) compliance activation How to manage Windows licences for virtual machines on your Hosted Private Cloud infrastructure How to change a Windows Server product key Additional resources NSX - FAQ Pricing and Management of OVHcloud NSX Edges FAQ SecNumCloud Connectivity SNC Cloud Platform Getting started Mise en route de votre projet SNC Cloud Platform Comment sauvegarder une instance SNC Cloud Platform Comment sauvegarder un bucket Object Storage SNC Cloud Platform Bare Metal Pod Getting started Getting started with your Bare Metal Pod SecNumCloud On-Prem Cloud Platform Getting started Getting started with your OPCP Lifecycle of an OPCP Node OPCP - How to use the APIs and obtain the credentials OPCP - How to install an instance from the Horizon interface OPCP - How to Deploy an Instance via OpenStack APIs OPCP - How to setup LACP on a Node OPCP - How to set up Trunk ports on a Node OPCP - How to configure a software RAID on a node OPCP - How to see the node inventory Additional resources OPCP - Object Storage features and specifications Building a custom OpenStack Image on OPCP OPCP - Ceph RBD Block Storage - Performance, Resilience and Scalability with OpenStack Nutanix on OVHcloud Key Concepts Nutanix on OVHcloud - High-level documentation Nutanix hardware compatibility - OVHcloud configurations Nutanix AOS versions supported by OVHcloud List of included licences Disaster Recovery Plan in Nutanix Responsibility sharing - Nutanix on OVHcloud Nutanix on OVHcloud - Lifecycle Policy Getting started Getting started with your Nutanix cluster Nutanix Hyperconvergence Customised redeployment of your Cluster Storage overview on Nutanix Importing ISO images Managing virtual machines Events and alerts management Managing licences for a Nutanix on OVHcloud BYOL offer Networking and security OVHgateway documentation Adding a public IP address to a new VM Upgrading your Nutanix cluster Updating your Nutanix cluster firmware Configuration Changing the vRack of a Nutanix cluster Isolating management machines from production Configure Nutanix Flow Replacing the OVHgateway with a dedicated server Replacing OVHgateway KMS configuration with Nutanix on OVHcloud Configuring HYCU Backup Configure Veeam Backup for Nutanix Migration Migrating to Nutanix via the Nutanix Move tool Tutorials Advanced tools Activate Windows VMs installed on Nutanix by OVHcloud Add or Remove Nodes in a Nutanix Cluster (Scale In/Out) Replacing Prism Central from Small Mode to X-Large Mode Setting up NCM Self Service (CALM) Setting up Nutanix Objects Security Securing Prism Central Web access IPsec interconnection between two sites Interconnect clusters through the vRack Troubleshooting Retrieving your Nutanix installation status information Additional resources Asynchronous or NearSync replication through Prism Element Advanced replication with Leap Configuring Disaster Recovery with Metro Setting up Multicloud Snapshot Technology (MST) on a Nutanix on OVHcloud infrastructure Configuring Prism Central Point-in-Time Backup to OVHcloud S3-compatible Object Storage SAP on OVHcloud Concepts SAP HANA on Bare Metal and SAP Application Servers on VMware on OVHcloud SAP infrastructure with VMware on OVHcloud solution SAP infrastructure with SecNumCloud-qualified SAP HANA on Private Cloud Getting started Install SAP HANA on Bare Metal with SLES 15 for SAP Deploy a virtual machine with SAP HANA and OVHcloud Backint Agent pre-installed Deployer un SAProuter avec NSX Shared responsibility for SAP on OVHcloud solutions Automated deployments Deploy virtual machines of SAP Application Server on VMware on OVHcloud solution with Terraform Deploy virtual machines of SAP HANA database on VMware on OVHcloud solution with Terraform Deploy an SAP system infrastructure on VMware on OVHcloud solution with Terraform SAP pre-installation wizard Resilience SAP HANA cluster with SLES on VMware on OVHcloud Backups Install and use OVHcloud Backint Agent for SAP HANA Use OVHcloud Backint Agent with several Object Storage buckets OVHcloud Backint Agent versions Sauvegarder SAP HANA avec Veeam Backup and Replication Observability SAP logs on OVHcloud Logs Data Platform - Configuration SAP logs on OVHcloud Logs Data Platform - Analysez et exploitez vos logs SAP logs on OVHcloud Logs Data Platform - Index des logs SAP Public Cloud Public Cloud - General Information Overview Key concepts Public Cloud Glossary Public Cloud API Rate Limits Comparison and resilience of Deployment Modes - Understanding 3-AZ / 1-AZ / Local Zones 3-AZ resilience: Mechanisms and reference architectures How do Savings Plans work? Getting Started All you need to know to get started with Public Cloud How to use the Public Cloud interface Creating your first OVHcloud Public Cloud project Getting started with OVHcloud Shell Getting Started with OVHcloud CLI Configuration Billing management How to increase Public Cloud quotas Comment gerer un Savings Plan Public Cloud project management Best Practices for securing & structuring OVHcloud Public Cloud Projects Deleting a Public Cloud project Delegating projects Migration Public Cloud IaaS Migration - Steps and Best Practices Architecture Reference - Building a Landing Zone with OVHcloud Public Cloud Tutorials Managing from Horizon Introducing Horizon Access and security settings in Horizon Managing from OpenStack Preparing an environment for using the OpenStack API Setting OpenStack environment variables How to use OpenStack tokens Managing tokens How to use service accounts to connect to OpenStack Managing OpenStack users Managing firewall rules and port security on networks using OpenStack CLI Managing from Terraform How to use Terraform Security Healthcare (HDS) compliance activation Troubleshooting FAQ Public Cloud OVHcloud Additional resources Information regarding Public Cloud billing options Proper Usage and Limitations of Classic Multi-Attach Block Storage in 3AZ Regions Understanding Landing Zones Understanding metrics in OVHcloud Public Cloud Compute Overview Key Concepts Public Cloud Instances - Key concepts Getting started Adding cloud credit How to create a Public Cloud instance and connect to it Managing your Public Cloud instances How to start a Public Cloud instance on a bootable volume Shelve or pause an instance Activating a Windows licence for an instance in private mode First steps with pre-installed applications Configuration Project management Changing project contacts Public Cloud Instances - Switching from hourly to monthly billing Instance management Backing up an instance Using instance backups to create or restore an instance Changing the hostname of a Public Cloud instance Comment activer le mode rescue sur une instance Public Cloud Putting a Metal instance in rescue mode How to replace an SSH key pair on a Public Cloud instance Deploying a GPU instance How to configure reverse DNS for a Public Cloud instance Resize an instance via the OVHcloud Control Panel Creating and using a Server Group in Horizon and CLI Instance management using Horizon Creating an Instance via the Horizon interface Managing your Public Cloud Instances in Horizon Creating and configuring a security group in Horizon Managing snapshots of an instance in Horizon Creating, launching and deleting images in Horizon Resize an instance via Horizon How to revert a flex instance Instance management using OpenStack Getting started with the OpenStack API Getting started with managing volumes in the OpenStack API Uploading your own image Resize a Public Cloud instance using the OpenStack CLI Downloading and transferring an instance backup from one OpenStack region to another Launching a script when an instance is created Sharing an object via a temporary URL Sharing images between Public Cloud projects Migration Migration of instances between different regions Tutorials How to use PuTTY for SSH connections and authentication Using OVHcloud Object Storage as Terraform Backend to store your Terraform state Using OVHcloud Object Storage as Pulumi Backend to store your Pulumi state Create a custom OpenStack image with Packer How To Install ownCloud on a Public Cloud Instance Installing Plesk on an instance Installing WordPress on an instance Installing Prometheus Agent on a Public Cloud instance How to deploy the 3CX IPBX automatically on OVHcloud Public Cloud How to set up a web server (LAMP) on Debian or Ubuntu Local Zone VPN-as-a-Service (VPNaaS) with Tailscale integration Enterprise File Storage - Connect a Public Cloud instance to an EFS Volume via vRack Private Network Security How to create and use authentication keys for SSH connections to Public Cloud instances How to configure additional SSH keys on an instance Changing the admin password on a Windows server Upgrading your operating system Troubleshooting Forensics: How to deal with Public Cloud instances Repairing the GRUB bootloader Resizing the file system in FreeBSD 12 How to retrieve databases in rescue mode FAQ - Change of monthly billing method Additional resources Public Cloud Instances - Shared responsibilities Public Cloud & VPS - Image and OS life cycle and end of life/support announcements Local Zone Compute - Features, Capabilities and Limitations How to obtain the carbon footprint of your OVHcloud services How to prevent your emails from being marked as spam Storage and Backup Object Storage S3 compatible Key Concepts Object Storage - Choosing the right storage class for your needs Object Storage - Endpoints and Object Storage geoavailability Comparison of Object Storage Deployment Modes - Understanding 3-AZ / 1-AZ / Local Zones Cold Archive - Overview Getting Started Object Storage - Getting started Cold Archive - Getting started with Cold Archive Object Storage - Identity and access management Configuration Object Storage - Getting Started with Versioning Object Storage - Smart Storage Management with Lifecycle Rules Object Storage - Master asynchronous replication across your buckets Object Storage - Server Access Logging Object Storage - Setting up CORS on Object Storage Object Storage - Bucket ACL Object Storage - Hosting a static website in an Object Storage bucket Object Storage - Restoring an archived object from Cold Archive storage class Object Storage - Enabling HTTPS on a static website using a custom domain Object Storage - How to connect Object Storage buckets with other resources in a vRack Migration Object Storage - How to migrate from an S3-compatible object storage provider to OVHcloud Object Storage Object Storage - How to migrate from OVHcloud Swift Object Storage to OVHcloud S3-compatible Object Storage Tutorials Object Storage - Use Object Storage with Rclone Object Storage - Use Object Storage with S3cmd Object Storage - Use Object Storage with WinSCP Object Storage - Use Object Storage with Veeam Object Storage - Use Object Storage with Nextcloud Object Storage - Use Object Storage with Owncloud Object Storage – Use Object Storage with Cohesity NetBackup Object Storage – Use Object Storage with Pure Storage Flashblade Object Storage - Manage an Object Storage bucket with Terraform Object Storage – How to share an object or file externally Security Object Storage - Encrypt your server-side objects with SSE-C or SSE-OMK Object Storage - Managing object immutability with Object Lock (WORM) Object Storage - Identity and access management Troubleshooting Object Storage - FAQ Cold Archive - FAQ Object Storage - Local Zones specifications Object Storage - Compliance Object Storage - Technical Limitations Object Storage - Optimising Performance Object Storage - Optimise the sending of your files to Object Storage Additional Resources Object Storage - Shared Responsibility Cold Storage - Shared Responsibility for archive and restoration services Object Storage - Third-party applications compatibility Swift Getting Started Object Storage Swift - Creating an Object Storage container Object Storage Swift - Getting started with the Swift API Object Storage Swift - Getting started with the Swift S3 API Configuration Object Storage Swift - Configure a domain name on your Object Storage container Object Storage Swift - Syncing object containers Object Storage Swift - Configure automatic object deletion Object Storage Swift - Setting up CORS on Object Storage Cloud Archive Swift - Manage your archives with an SFTP/SCP client Cloud Archive Swift - Creating a Public Cloud Archive container Cloud Archive Swift - Unfreezing your data stored in the Public Cloud Archive Cloud Archive Swift - Set up an Access Control List on Public Cloud Archive Migration Object Storage - How to migrate from OVHcloud Swift Object Storage to OVHcloud S3-compatible Object Storage Tutorials Object Storage Swift - Synchronise Synology NAS with Object Storage Object Storage Swift - Use S3QL to mount object storage containers Object Storage Swift - Managing Object Storage with CyberDuck Object Storage Swift - Using Object Storage with Rclone Object Storage Swift - Configure ownCloud with Object Storage Cloud Archive Swift - Managing your archives with a Swift client (Cyberduck) Cloud Archive Swift - Managing your archives with Rsync Security Object Storage Swift - Set up an Access Control List on Object Storage Troubleshooting Object Storage Swift - S3/Swift REST API compatibility Object Storage Swift - Capabilities and limitations Cloud Archive Swift - Capabilities and limitations Object Storage Swift - Optimised method for uploading files to Object Storage Additional Resources Object Storage Swift - Curl Command Memo Object Storage Swift - Swift commands Memo Cloud Archive Swift - Curl Command Memo Cloud Archive Swift - Swift Command Memo Block storage Key concepts Choosing the Right Block Storage Class Proper Usage and Limitations of Classic Multi-Attach Block Storage in 3AZ Regions Getting Started How to create and configure an additional disk on an instance Creating a volume backup Creating a volume snapshot Configuration Creating a volume from a backup Increasing the size of an additional disk Test disk speed Migration Migrer un volume Block Storage vers un volume chiffre LUKS Change your block storage volume type Additional resources Public Cloud Block Storage - Shared responsibilities File Storage Key concepts Getting Started File Storage Service - Getting started (Beta) Public Cloud Network Services Key concepts Concepts - Public Cloud Networking Concepts - Additional IP or Floating IP Concepts - Load Balancer Public Cloud Network Services - Known limits Getting started Private Network Creating a private network with Gateway Configuring vRack for Public Cloud Configuring vRack for Public Cloud using OVHcloud APIv6 Configuring vRack for Public Cloud using OpenStack CLI Changing the DNS servers of Public Cloud instances Load Balancer Getting started with Load Balancer on Public Cloud Public IPs Attaching a Floating IP to a Public Cloud instance Configuration Private Network How to share a private network between 2 Public Cloud projects How to extend a private OVHcloud network across Public Cloud regions Update a subnet properties Changing the MTU size for existing networks using OpenStack CLI/API Load Balancer Deploying a Public Cloud Load Balancer Updating a Load Balancer size via the Horizon interface Using the weight feature on a Load Balancer member Public Cloud Load Balancer TCP / HTTP / HTTPS Logs Forwarding Public IPs Configuring an Additional IP Buying an Additional IP Importing an Additional IP Migrating an Additional IP Gateway L3 services SNAT configuration Configuring IPv6 on a Public Cloud instance Configuring a public IP block in a vRack on a Public Cloud instance Tutorials General Securing your OVHcloud infrastructure with Stormshield Network Security Securing your OVHcloud infrastructure with Ubika WAAP Gateway Private Network Local Zone VPN-as-a-Service (VPNaaS) with Tailscale integration Load Balancer Configuring a secure Load Balancer with Let's Encrypt Security Configuring a secure Load Balancer with Let's Encrypt Configuring a TERMINATED_HTTPS listener via CLI / Horizon Securing your OVHcloud infrastructure with Stormshield Network Security Securing your OVHcloud infrastructure with Ubika WAAP Gateway Troubleshooting Public Cloud Network Services - FAQ Additional resources How to create and manage a Health Monitor for OVHcloud Public Cloud Load Balancer How to create and manage Level 7 (L7) Policies and Rules for OVHcloud Public Cloud Load Balancers Public Cloud Load Balancer monitoring with Prometheus Containers & Orchestration Managed Kubernetes Service (MKS) Overview Key concepts Understanding OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes architecture Known limits Choosing the right OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Plan: Free or Standard Available datacenters, worker nodes and persistent storage flavors Exposed APIs, Kubernetes configuration and Feature gates Getting started Creating a cluster Deploying an application Deploying a Hello World application Expose your app deployed on an OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Service Installing the Kubernetes Dashboard on OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Installing and using Helm on OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Installing WordPress on OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Deploying a GPU application on OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Service Managed Kubernetes objects (services, deployments, pods...) Configuration Cluster Configuring kubectl on an OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes cluster Configuring the API server flags on an OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes cluster Resetting an OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes cluster Upgrading Kubernetes version on an OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes cluster Add IP restrictions on an OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes cluster Changing the security update policy on an OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes cluster Configuring the OIDC provider on an OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes cluster Customising IP allocation on an OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes cluster Nodepools & Nodes How to manage nodes and node pools on an OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes cluster Dynamically resizing a cluster with the cluster autoscaler Configuring the cluster autoscaler Adding Labels & Taint on Node Pool (Node Pool template) Cluster autoscaler example Deploy applications to specific Nodes and Nodes Pools Taint, cordon and drain specific Nodes and Nodes Pools Adapt your Inotify parameters for your Managed Kubernetes Service deployments Storage Persistent Volumes on OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Service Resizing Persistent Volumes Configuring multi-attach persistent volumes with OVHcloud NAS-HA Configuring multi-attach persistent volumes with Enterprise File Storage Configuring multi-attach persistent volumes with OVHcloud Cloud Disk Array Formating NVMe disks on IOPS nodes Network Using vRack Private Network Using vRack - Communicating between different private networks Using a custom gateway on an OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes cluster Working with vRack example - Managed Kubernetes and Public Cloud instances Working with vRack example - Communicating between different private networks Using Floating IPs on Managed Kubernetes Service Customizing Kube-proxy on an OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes cluster Customizing CoreDNS on an OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes cluster Customizing Cilium on an OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes cluster Traffic Management Installing Nginx Ingress on OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Expose your applications using OVHcloud Public Cloud Load Balancer Sticky sessions/Session Affinity based on Nginx Ingress on OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Secure a Nginx Ingress with cert-manager on OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Getting the source IP behind the LoadBalancer How to migrate from Load Balancer for MKS (IOLB) to Public Cloud Load Balancer (Octavia) Backup and Restore Backup and Restore OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Cluster, Namespace and Applications using TrilioVault for Kubernetes Backing-up an OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes cluster using CloudCasa Backing up and restoring your Persistent Volume with Volume Snapshots on OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Backing-up an OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes cluster using Velero Backing-up Persistent Volumes using Stash Monitoring & Observability Monitoring apps with Prometheus and Grafana on an OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Service Collect metrics from Public Cloud instances with Prometheus on an OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Service Distributed tracing with Jaeger on an OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Service Pushing logs from a Kubernetes cluster to Logs Data Platform using Fluent Bit Managed Kubernetes Service Audit Logs Forwarding Monitoring GPU usage on OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Service Managed Kubernetes Service Audit Logs Forwarding Operators Set up the Kubernetes operator for Public Cloud Databases Deploying a Kubernetes Operator based on Helm on OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Deploying a Kubernetes Operator written in Golang on OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Migration Migration Guide – Moving Your Kubernetes cluster to OVHcloud How to migrate from Load Balancer for MKS (IOLB) to Public Cloud Load Balancer (Octavia) Tutorials Installing Agones on OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Installing Jenkins on OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Using Codefresh with OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes cluster Deploying Apache Pulsar on an OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes cluster How to install OpenFaaS CE on OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes using OpenFaaS Run Serverless containers on OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes with Knative Deploying Artifactory on an OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes cluster Enforcing policy management on OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes with Kyverno Scan for vulnerabilities and misconfigurations of your OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes with Trivy Near real-time threats detection with Falco on OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Sanitize your OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes with Popeye Installing cert-manager on OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Installing Keycloak, an OIDC Provider, on OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Installing Istio on OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Traffic management with Istio on OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Security Add IP restrictions on an OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes cluster Changing the security update policy on an OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes cluster Configuring the OIDC provider on an OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes cluster Encrypt your Secret for OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes with Sealed Secrets (Kubeseal) Using RBAC to handle limited access to an OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes cluster Troubleshooting ETCD Quotas, usage, troubleshooting and error Troubleshooting permission errors when enabling persistence Additional resources Managed Kubernetes End-of-Sale, End-of-Service and End-of-Life policies Managed Kubernetes - Responsibility model Orchestration product reversibility policy Recommended external resources for Kubernetes OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes - Features and roadmap Kubernetes Plugins (CNI, CRI, CSI...) & softwares versions and reserved resources Managed Private Registry (MPR) Overview Getting started Creating a private registry Creating a private registry (Harbor) through Terraform Creating a private registry with Pulumi Creating and using a Docker image stored in an OVHcloud Managed Private Registry Connecting to the UI Managing users and projects Configuration Using Private Registry with OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Managing Helm charts in the OVHcloud Managed Private Registry Deploying a Helm chart from your private registry in Kubernetes Configuring Proxy Cache on an OVHcloud Managed Private Registry Migrate Helm Charts from Chartmuseum to OCI Security Configure the authentication via an OIDC provider on an OVHcloud Managed Private Registry Adding IP restrictions on an OVHcloud Managed Private Registry Sign OCI artifacts with Cosign on OVHcloud Managed Private Registry Scanning Docker images for vulnerabilities with OVHcloud Managed Private Registry Troubleshooting FAQ Managed Private Registry (MPR) Additional resources Managed Private Registry - Responsibility model Managed OCI artifact Registry Product Reversibility Policy Managed Rancher Service (MRS) Overview Getting started Getting Started with Managed Rancher Service Creating, updating and accessing a Managed Rancher Service Managing users and projects in Managed Rancher Service Importing an existing Kubernetes cluster in MRS Creating a Managed Kubernetes Service (MKS) cluster in MRS Creating a Kubernetes cluster based on OVHcloud Public Cloud Compute Instances in MRS Creating a Kubernetes cluster with existing nodes (Generic) in MRS Configuration Editing the configuration of a Kubernetes cluster in Managed Rancher Service Backing up and restoring a Kubernetes cluster in Managed Rancher Service Deploying a monitoring stack (Prometheus & Grafana) in a Kubernetes cluster in MRS Tutorials How to use Rancher CLI Additional resources Managed Rancher Service supported versions and lifecycle policy Orchestration product reversibility policy Public Cloud Databases Overview PostgreSQL Overview Key concepts Lifecycle policy for Public Cloud Databases FAQ for Public Cloud Databases Capabilities and Limitations of Public Cloud Databases Capabilities and Limitations of Public Cloud Databases for PostgreSQL Automated Backups for Public Cloud Databases High availability and failure scenarios for Public Cloud Databases for PostgreSQL Getting started Getting started with Public Cloud Databases Getting started with Public Cloud Databases APIs Getting started with Terraform for Public Cloud Databases Configure incoming connections of a Public Cloud Databases for PostgreSQL service Connect using the CLI for Public Cloud Databases for PostgreSQL Connect using PHP for Public Cloud Databases for PostgreSQL Connect using Python for Public Cloud Databases for PostgreSQL Connect using PgAdmin for Public Cloud Databases for PostgreSQL Configuration Create and use connection pools in Public Cloud Databases for PostgreSQL Maintenance operations for Public Cloud Databases Configurer le reseau prive des bases de donnees Public Cloud (EN) Configure the advanced parameters for Public Cloud Databases Advanced parameters for Public Cloud Databases for PostgreSQL Restore a backup of Public Cloud Databases Detect and terminate long-running queries of Public Cloud Databases for PostgreSQL Resize the storage of Public Cloud Databases Update the flavor of Public Cloud Databases Update the plan of Public Cloud Databases Mettre en place le transfert de logs des bases de donnees Public Cloud (EN) Set up the Kubernetes operator for Public Cloud Databases Set up service integration for Public Cloud Databases Fetch service metrics with Prometheus for Public Cloud Databases Enable deletion protection for Public Cloud Databases Migration Migrate to OVHcloud Public Cloud Databases Reversibility Policy for Managed Relational Database Product Tutorials Build a Strapi app connected to Public Cloud Databases for PostgreSQL Install and connect Wagtail to Public Cloud Databases for PostgreSQL Migrate an on-premises database to Public Cloud Databases for PostgreSQL Security Security Overview for Public Cloud Databases Responsibility model for Public Cloud Databases Troubleshooting Troubleshoot your Public Cloud Databases Handle 'Disk Full' situations for Public Cloud Databases Additional resources Available extensions for Public Cloud Databases for PostgreSQL MySQL Overview Key concepts Lifecycle policy for Public Cloud Databases FAQ for Public Cloud Databases Capabilities and Limitations of Public Cloud Databases Capabilities and Limitations of Public Cloud Databases for MySQL Automated Backups for Public Cloud Databases Getting started Getting started with Public Cloud Databases Getting started with Public Cloud Databases APIs Getting started with Terraform for Public Cloud Databases Configure incoming connections of a Public Cloud Databases for MySQL service Connect using the CLI for Public Cloud Databases for MySQL Connect using PHP for Public Cloud Databases for MySQL Connect using Python for Public Cloud Databases for MySQL Connect using Workbench for Public Cloud Databases for MySQL Configuration Maintenance operations for Public Cloud Databases Configurer le reseau prive des bases de donnees Public Cloud (EN) Configure the advanced parameters for Public Cloud Databases Advanced parameters for Public Cloud Databases for MySQL Restore a backup of Public Cloud Databases Resize the storage of Public Cloud Databases Update the flavor of Public Cloud Databases Update the plan of Public Cloud Databases Mettre en place le transfert de logs des bases de donnees Public Cloud (EN) Set up the Kubernetes operator for Public Cloud Databases Set up service integration for Public Cloud Databases Fetch service metrics with Prometheus for Public Cloud Databases Enable deletion protection for Public Cloud Databases Migration Migrate to OVHcloud Public Cloud Databases Reversibility Policy for Managed Relational Database Product Tutorials Connect Managed Kubernetes to Public Cloud Databases for MySQL Security Security Overview for Public Cloud Databases Responsibility model for Public Cloud Databases Troubleshooting Troubleshoot your Public Cloud Databases Handle 'Disk Full' situations for Public Cloud Databases MongoDB Overview Key concepts Why choose MongoDB? Cluster sizing for Public Cloud Databases for MongoDB Developer Best Practices with Public Cloud Databases for MongoDB Operational Best Practices with Public Cloud Databases for MongoDB Lifecycle policy for Public Cloud Databases FAQ for Public Cloud Databases Capabilities and Limitations of Public Cloud Databases Capabilities and Limitations of Public Cloud Databases for MongoDB Automated Backups for Public Cloud Databases Understand the connection strings URI format of Public Cloud Databases for MongoDB Getting started Getting started with Public Cloud Databases for MongoDB Getting started with Public Cloud Databases Getting started with Public Cloud Databases APIs Getting started with Terraform for Public Cloud Databases Deploy with Terraform for Public Cloud for MongoDB Configure incoming connections of a Public Cloud Databases for MongoDB service Connect using the CLI for Public Cloud Databases for MongoDB Connect using PHP for Public Cloud Databases for MongoDB Connect using Python for Public Cloud Databases for MongoDB Connect using Compass for Public Cloud Databases for MongoDB Developer Tools for Public Cloud Databases for MongoDB Cluster monitoring for Public Cloud Databases for MongoDB Configuration Maintenance operations for Public Cloud Databases Configurer le reseau prive des bases de donnees Public Cloud (EN) Configure the advanced parameters for Public Cloud Databases Restore a backup of Public Cloud Databases Backup and restore a service with the CLI for Public Cloud Databases for MongoDB Resize the storage of Public Cloud Databases Update the flavor of Public Cloud Databases Update the plan of Public Cloud Databases Mettre en place le transfert de logs des bases de donnees Public Cloud (EN) Set up the Kubernetes operator for Public Cloud Databases Set up service integration for Public Cloud Databases Fetch service metrics with Prometheus for Public Cloud Databases Enable deletion protection for Public Cloud Databases Migration Migrate to OVHcloud Public Cloud Databases Migrate to OVHcloud Public Cloud Databases for MongoDB Relational Migrator for Public Cloud Databases for MongoDB Reversibility Policy for Managed Document Database Product Tutorials Build and connect a Node.js application to Public Cloud Databases for MongoDB Security Security Overview for Public Cloud Databases Responsibility model for Public Cloud Databases Troubleshooting Troubleshoot your Public Cloud Databases Handle 'Disk Full' situations for Public Cloud Databases Additional resources Set up BI Connector for Public Cloud Databases for MongoDB Configure an Analytics node for Public Databases for MongoDB Set up a Kafka integration for Public Cloud Databases for MongoDB Understand readPreference and writeConcern of Public Cloud Databases for MongoDB Benchmark Public Cloud Databases for MongoDB Valkey Overview Key concepts Lifecycle policy for Public Cloud Databases FAQ for Public Cloud Databases Capabilities and Limitations of Public Cloud Databases Capabilities and Limitations of Public Cloud Databases for Valkey Automated Backups for Public Cloud Databases Getting started Getting started with Public Cloud Databases Getting started with Public Cloud Databases APIs Getting started with Terraform for Public Cloud Databases Configure incoming connections of a Public Cloud Databases for Valkey service Connect using the CLI for Public Cloud Databases for Valkey Connect using PHP for Public Cloud Databases for Valkey Connect using Python for Public Cloud Databases for Valkey Connect using RedisInsight for Public Cloud Databases for Valkey Configuration Maintenance operations for Public Cloud Databases Configurer le reseau prive des bases de donnees Public Cloud (EN) Configure the advanced parameters for Public Cloud Databases Advanced parameters for Public Cloud Databases for Valkey Restore a backup of Public Cloud Databases Update the flavor of Public Cloud Databases Update the plan of Public Cloud Databases Manage ACLs via API for Public Cloud Databases for Valkey Mettre en place le transfert de logs des bases de donnees Public Cloud (EN) Set up the Kubernetes operator for Public Cloud Databases Set up service integration for Public Cloud Databases Fetch service metrics with Prometheus for Public Cloud Databases Enable deletion protection for Public Cloud Databases Migration Migrate to OVHcloud Public Cloud Databases Reversibility Policy for the Managed In-Memory Database product Tutorials Boost your WordPress CMS with caching with Public Cloud Databases for Valkey Security Security Overview for Public Cloud Databases Responsibility model for Public Cloud Databases Troubleshooting Troubleshoot your Public Cloud Databases Common Key concepts Lifecycle policy for Public Cloud Databases FAQ for Public Cloud Databases Capabilities and Limitations of Public Cloud Databases Automated Backups for Public Cloud Databases Getting started Getting started with Public Cloud Databases Getting started with Public Cloud Databases APIs Getting started with Terraform for Public Cloud Databases Configuration Maintenance operations for Public Cloud Databases Configurer le reseau prive des bases de donnees Public Cloud (EN) Configure the advanced parameters for Public Cloud Databases Restore a backup of Public Cloud Databases Resize the storage of Public Cloud Databases Update the flavor of Public Cloud Databases Update the plan of Public Cloud Databases Mettre en place le transfert de logs des bases de donnees Public Cloud (EN) Set up the Kubernetes operator for Public Cloud Databases Set up service integration for Public Cloud Databases Fetch service metrics with Prometheus for Public Cloud Databases Enable deletion protection for Public Cloud Databases Migration Migrate to OVHcloud Public Cloud Databases Reversibility Policy for Managed Relational Database Product Reversibility Policy for Managed Document Database Product Reversibility Policy for the Managed In-Memory Database product Security Security Overview for Public Cloud Databases Responsibility model for Public Cloud Databases Troubleshooting Troubleshoot your Public Cloud Databases Handle 'Disk Full' situations for Public Cloud Databases Analytics ClickHouse Overview Key concepts Getting started Configuration Tutorials Kafka Overview Key concepts Lifecycle policy for Analytics Capabilities and Limitations of Analytics Capabilities and Limitations of Analytics with Kafka Capabilities and Limitations of Analytics with Kafka Connect Capabilities and Limitations of Analytics with Kafka MirrorMaker Automated Backups for Analytics Getting started Getting started with Analytics with Kafka Getting started with Analytics Getting started with Analytics APIs Getting started with Terraform for Analytics Configuration Maintenance operations for Analytics Configure the advanced parameters for Analytics Advanced parameters for Analytics with Kafka Advanced parameters for Analytics with Kafka Connect Restore a backup of Analytics Resize the storage of Analytics Update the flavor of Analytics Update the plan of Analytics Set up logs forwarding for Analytics Set up the Kubernetes operator for Analytics Fetch service metrics with Prometheus for Analytics Migration Reversibility Policy for the Managed Message Broker product Tutorials Create publisher and consumer applications with Analytics with Kafka Security Security overview for Analytics Responsibility model for Analytics Troubleshooting Troubleshoot your Analytics Handle 'Disk Full' situations for Analytics OpenSearch Guides OpenSearch - Capabilities and Limitations OpenSearch - Getting started OpenSearch - Monitor your infra (with Logstash or Fluent Bit) OpenSearch - Advanced parameters references Dashboards Overview Guides Dashboards - Capabilities and Limitations Dashboards - Configure your Dashboards instance to accept incoming connections Dashboards - Advanced parameters references Tutorials Dashboards - Tutorial - Expose your Dashboards instance in your private network via a reverse proxy NGINX Dashboards - Tutorial - How to use the Grafana® API Common Key concepts Lifecycle policy for Analytics Capabilities and Limitations of Analytics Automated Backups for Analytics Getting started Getting started with Analytics Getting started with Analytics APIs Getting started with Terraform for Analytics Configuration Maintenance operations for Analytics Configure the advanced parameters for Analytics Restore a backup of Analytics Resize the storage of Analytics Update the flavor of Analytics Update the plan of Analytics Set up logs forwarding for Analytics Set up the Kubernetes operator for Analytics Fetch service metrics with Prometheus for Analytics Migration Reversibility Policy for the Managed Message Broker product Reversibility Policy for the Managed Search Engine Software Platform product Reversibility Policy for the Managed Data Visualization product Security Security overview for Analytics Responsibility model for Analytics Troubleshooting Troubleshoot your Analytics Handle 'Disk Full' situations for Analytics AI & Machine Learning Overview General information Comparative tables - AI Notebooks, AI Training, AI Deploy AI Tools - Lifecycle policy Data - Concept and best practices Data - Compliance between AI Tools and S3 compatible Object Storage AI Dashboard - Getting started Users - Manage AI users and roles Registries - Use & manage your registries AI Tools - Remote SSH Connection AI Tools - Monitor your cloud resources AI Tools - ovhai SDK Reversibility Policy for the AI Managed Container product FAQ - AI Tools Command Line Interface CLI - Installation CLI - Cheat Sheet CLI - Launch an AI notebook CLI - Launch an AI Training job CLI - Manage access tokens CLI - Launch and share an AI Notebook with tokens CLI - Commands reference CLI - Commands reference for data CLI - Use your data in a notebook CLI - Launch an AI Deploy app AI Notebooks Overview Key concepts AI Notebooks - Notebook concept AI Notebooks - Features, Capabilities and Limitations Getting started AI Notebooks - Premiers pas (EN) AI Notebooks - Workspace Configuration AI Notebooks - Manage and use data in a notebook via UI AI Notebooks - Politique de reversibilite du produit Notebook Interface Tutorials Audio/Speech AI Notebooks - Tutorial - Audio analysis and classification with AI AI Notebooks - Tutorial - Use Speech-to-Text powers on audio and video Computer vision AI Notebooks - Tutorial - Train YOLOv5 on a custom dataset AI Notebooks - Tutorial - Train YOLOv7 for sign language recognition AI Notebooks - Tutorial - Train YOLOv8 to play rock paper scissors AI Notebooks - Tutorial - Use ResNet for image classification AI Notebooks - Tutorial - Brain tumor segmentation using U-Net AI Notebooks - Tutorial - Create and train an image generation model NLP AI Notebooks - Tutorial - Sentiment analysis on Tweets using Hugging Face AI Notebooks - Tutorial - Build your spam classifier Code assistant AI Notebooks - Using a code assistant (EN) Fine Tuning AI Notebooks - Tutorial - Fine-Tune and export an AI model to ONNX AI Notebooks - Tutorial - Create and train a Rasa chatbot AI Notebooks - Tutorial - Fine-tuning LLaMA 2 MLOps/Monitoring AI Notebooks - Tutorial - Use tensorboard inside notebooks AI Notebooks - Tutorial - Weights & Biases integration AI Notebooks - Tutorial - Track your ML models with MLflow inside notebooks Troubleshooting AI Notebooks - Troubleshooting Additional resources AI Notebooks - Billing and lifecycle AI Training Overview Key concepts AI Training - Job concept AI Training - Features, Capabilities and Limitations Getting started AI Training - Getting started AI Training - Start a job with a notebook Docker image AI Training - Tutorial - Build & use custom Docker image AI Training - Tutorial - Train your first ML model Configuration AI Training - Tutorial - Build & use custom Docker image Tutorials MLOps/Monitoring AI Training - Tutorial - Use tensorboard inside a job AI Training - Tutorial - Compare models with W&B for audio classification task NLP AI Training - Tutorial - Train a Rasa chatbot inside a Docker container Audio/Signal processing AI Training - Tutorial - Train a model to recognize marine mammal sounds Computer vision AI Training - Tutorial - Train YOLOv8 to play rock paper scissors AI Training - Tutorial - Turn a video into a 3D model using NVIDIA Neuralangelo Model export/Inference AI Training - Tutorial - Train a PyTorch model and export it to ONNX AI Training - Tutorial - Get started with NVIDIA Triton Inference Server and AI Training Troubleshooting AI Training - Troubleshooting Additional resources AI Training - Billing and lifecycle AI Deploy Overview Key concepts AI Deploy - App concept AI Deploy - Features, Capabilities and Limitations AI Deploy - Apps portfolio AI Deploy - Scaling strategies Getting started AI Deploy - Getting started Configuration AI Deploy - Accessing your app with tokens AI Deploy - Scaling strategies AI Deploy - Update custom Docker images Security AI Deploy - Accessing your app with tokens Tutorials AI Deploy - Tutorial - Build & use a custom Docker image AI Deploy - Tutorial - Build & use a Streamlit image AI Deploy - Tutorial - Deploy a simple app with Flask AI Deploy - Tutorial - Deploy an app for audio classification task using Streamlit AI Deploy - Tutorial - Deploy a web service for YOLOv5 using Flask AI Deploy - Tutorial - Deploy a Gradio app for sketch recognition AI Deploy - Tutorial - Deploy an app for sentiment analysis with Hugging Face and Flask AI Deploy - Tutorial - Deploy an interactive app for EDA and prediction using Streamlit AI Deploy - Tutorial - Deploy and call a spam classifier with FastAPI AI Deploy - Tutorial - Create and deploy a Speech to Text application using Streamlit AI Deploy - Tutorial - How to load test your application with Locust AI Deploy - Tutorial - Deploy a Rasa chatbot with a simple Flask app AI Deploy - Tutorial - Create a web service to recognize sign language with YOLOv7 AI Deploy - Tutorial - Deploy a brain tumor segmentation app using Streamlit AI Deploy - Tutorial - Deploy LLaMA 2 in a Streamlit application AI Deploy - Tutorial - Deploy an ONNX model using FastAPI AI Deploy - Tutorial - Create an application to play rock paper scissors with YoloV8 AI Deploy - Tutorial - Deploy Whisper Speech Recognition Model AI Deploy - Tutorial - Deploy Stable Diffusion WebUI AI Deploy - Tutorial - Deploy FLUX Text-to-Image Models Troubleshooting AI Deploy - Troubleshooting Additional resources AI Deploy - Billing and lifecycle AI Endpoints Overview Key concepts AI Endpoints - Features, Capabilities and Limitations AI Endpoints - Structured Output AI Endpoints - Function Calling AI Endpoints - Responses API Getting started AI Endpoints - Getting started Tutorials AI Endpoints - Create your own audio summarizer AI Endpoints - Create your own voice assistant AI Endpoints - Using Virtual Models AI Endpoints - Speech to Text Integrations AI Endpoints - Create a code assistant with Continue AI Endpoints - Build a Python Chatbot with LangChain AI Endpoints - Build a JavaScript Chatbot with LangChain AI Endpoints - Create your own AI chatbot using LangChain4j and Quarkus AI Endpoints - Create a Streaming Chatbot with LangChain4j and Quarkus AI Endpoints - Enable conversational memory in your chatbot using LangChain AI Endpoints - Create a Memory Chatbot with LangChain4j AI Endpoints - Build a RAG Chatbot with LangChain AI Endpoints - Build a RAG Chatbot with LangChain4j AI Endpoints - Using Structured Output with LangChain4j AI Endpoints - Using Function Calling with LangChain4J AI Endpoints - Model Context Protocol (MCP) with LangChain4j AI Endpoints - Integration in Python with LiteLLM AI Endpoints - Integration with Apache Airflow AI Endpoints - Integration with Hugging Face Inference Providers AI Endpoints - Integration with Pydantic AI Troubleshooting AI Endpoints - Troubleshooting Additional resources AI Endpoints - Billing and lifecycle AI Partners Ecosystem Overview Key concepts AI Partners Ecosystem - Voxist - Models concept AI Partners Ecosystem - Lettria - Models concept Getting started AI Partners Ecosystem - Lettria - Models features, capabilities and billing AI Partners Ecosystem - Voxist - Models features, capabilities and billing Quantum computing General information Quantum computing - Features, Capabilities and Limitations Quantum computing - Billing and lifecycle Quantum computing - Troubleshooting Emulators Guides Quantum computing - Getting started with Emulators Notebooks QPUs Guides Quantum computing - Getting started with QPUs Notebooks Integrations Prefect Prefect - Getting Started Prefect - Tutorial - Emails notification with blocks and automations Prefect - Tutorial - AI pipeline with training job Data Platform Data Platform documentation Sign-up to OVHcloud Data Platform Web Cloud Domains Overview API Overview Key concepts Introduction Getting started Order a Domain Name Configuration Tasks Management Manage Contacts of a Domain Name Managing Eligibility Rules Configure the Display of Contact Data in the Whois Configure the DNS of your Domain Name Migration Transfer a Domain Name Domain names Overview Getting started Domain name & DNS FAQ How to create a subdomain Redirecting a domain name managed by OVHcloud How to renew OVHcloud domain names How to get information about a domain name with WHOIS How do I configure the WHOIS display for a domain name? How to export the list of your domain names in CSV Configuration Domain names contacts management Domain name - How do I change the holder? Domain name holder contact management Changer le proprietaire d'un domaine avec une Demande d'Operation AFNIC (DOA) Troubleshooting Troubleshooting a domain name error Migration Incoming transfer to OVHcloud Transferring a domain name to OVHcloud Transferring a .uk domain name to OVHcloud Transferring a .pl domain name to OVHcloud Transferring a Hostinger domain name to OVHcloud Transferring a GoDaddy domain name to OVHcloud Transferring a home.pl domain name to OVHcloud Transferring a Ionos domain name to OVHcloud Transferring a O2Switch domain name to OVHcloud Transferring a Gandi domain name to OVHcloud Transferring a Wix domain name to OVHcloud Outgoing transfer from OVHcloud Transferring a domain name to another registrar Transferring a .uk domain name to another registrar Tutorials How to connect an OVHcloud domain name to a Google Site How to connect an OVHcloud domain name to a Shopify hosting plan How to connect an OVHcloud domain name to a SquareSpace hosting plan How to connect an OVHcloud domain name to a Wix hosting plan How to connect an OVHcloud domain name to GoDaddy How to connect an OVHcloud domain name to a Webflow hosting plan How to use an OVHcloud domain name with iCloud Mail DNS (Domain Name System) Overview Key concepts Everything you need to know about DNS servers Everything you need to know about DNS zone Everything you need to know about DNS records Configuration DNS servers Modifying an OVHcloud domain name's DNS servers List of IP addresses of OVHcloud DNS servers DNS zone Creating an OVHcloud DNS zone for a domain name Create an OVHcloud DNS zone for a subdomain Editing an OVHcloud DNS zone Managing a DNS zone's history How to delete an OVHcloud DNS zone? DNS records How to add a DNS A record for a domain name How to add a DNS AAAA record for a domain name How to add a CNAME record for a subdomain How to add a DNS TXT record for a domain name Configure an MX record for email management DNS options How to enable Anycast DNS for your domain name Customising a domain name's DNS servers (Hosts) Configure dynamic DNS (DynHost/DynDNS) for your domain name Security How to improve email security with an SPF record Ameliorer la securite des e-mails via un enregistrement DKIM How to improve email security with a DMARC record Securing your domain name with DNSSEC Tutorials Tutorial - Using Zonemaster Web Hosting Getting started Web Hosting - Activating the 100M free hosting plan How to get started with your web hosting plan Premiers pas avec un hebergement Cloud Web Premiers pas avec la solution Visibilite Pro View and manage all your websites from the OVHcloud Control Panel How to create a website - Carrying out your project in 5 steps Web Hosting FAQ Publishing a website on your Web Hosting plan Web Hosting - Activating email addresses included Web hosting - How to know your cluster and filer How to find the name of your web hosting offer Configuration Hosting multiple websites on your Web Hosting plan Configuring and using Git with an OVHcloud web hosting plan Web Hosting - How to modify a domain name already associated to a hosting plan Web Hosting - Environment, PHP version, .ovhconfig Configuring IPv6 for your website Managing Cloud Web runtime software applications Retrieving the backup of the FTP space on your Cloud Web hosting plan Web Hosting - How to change your solution Speeding up your website with CDN Web hosting - View website statistics and logs Web Hosting - View CDN statistics and logs How do I geolocate a website in a specific country? Optimising your website’s performance Using automated tasks on a Web Hosting plan How to create and manage a web application using the OVHcloud public API Databases Creating a database on your web hosting plan Changing the password for a Web Hosting plan’s database Duplicating the contents of one database to another Retrieving the backup of a Web Hosting plan’s database How to recover a deleted database backup How to identify your database server FTP and SSH Web Hosting - How to use FileZilla Web hosting - How to manage FTP users Logging in to your web hosting plan’s FTP storage space Web hosting - How to enable SFTP access Changing an FTP user password Managing your web hosting plan with Visual Studio Code via SFTP Tutorial - Using Cyberduck with a web hosting plan Restoring your Web Hosting plan’s storage space Web Hosting - How to use SSH access How to use PuTTY for SSH connections and authentication Using SVN Web Hosting - Copy files using SCP command CMS Setting up your website with a 1-click module (CMS) How to change the admin password of a CMS How to manage your 1-click module Migration How to migrate a website from a web hosting plan to a VPS Importing a backup into a Web Hosting plan database Exporting a website Migrating your website and associated services to OVHcloud Migrating your Xara website to OVHcloud Migrating your WordPress website to OVHcloud Tutorials Tutorial - Creating your personal webpage at OVHcloud Use cases - How to change the domain of an existing website Tutorial - Installation and configuration of Cecil, a static site generator (SSG) in PHP Tutorial - Add dynamic content to a static web page generated with Cecil Installing Composer on a Web Hosting plan Tutorials - WordPress Tutorial - Getting started with WordPress Tutorial - Backing up your WordPress website Tutorial - Using the htaccess file with WordPress Tutorial - Using WooCommerce with WordPress Managing multiple WordPress websites with the MainWP plugin Backing up your WordPress websites with MainWP Improving your website's security with the MainWP plugin for WordPress Managing customer information on your WordPress websites with MainWP Cloud Web hosting plan Tutorials Installing Ghost on a Cloud Web hosting plan Installer Etherpad sur son hebergement Cloud Web Comment installer Django CMS sur son hebergement Cloud Web Installer Camaleon CMS sur son hebergement Cloud Web Redirection and authentication Tutorial - Protect a directory or administration interface of your website with .htaccess and .htpasswd files Tutorial - Rewrite the URL for accessing your website using mod_rewrite via the .htaccess file Tutorial - How do I block access to my website for certain IP addresses via a .htaccess file? Tutorial - Operations achievable with a .htaccess file CMS Tutorial - Installing a CMS manually on your Web Hosting plan Tutorial - Installing WordPress manually Tutorial - Installing Joomla! manually Tutorial - Installing Pico manually Tutorial - Installing PrestaShop manually Tutorial - Installing Drupal manually Tutorial - Installing Grav manually Tutorial - Installing Typo3 manually Tutorial - Installing SPIP manually Security How to secure your website? Activating the application firewall Web Hosting - How to configure an SSL certificate Web Hosting - Switching your website to HTTPS Web Hosting - How to activate a free Let's Encrypt SSL certificate Web Hosting - Activate a Sectigo DV SSL certificate Web Hosting - How to activate a Sectigo EV SSL certificate Web Hosting - How to install a custom SSL certificate Common errors related to securing your website with SSL Troubleshooting Use cases - What to do if your Website is hacked How to mitigate the HTTP/2 Rapid Reset vulnerability What do I do if my website is down? My website is slow. What to do? Troubleshooting common 1-click module errors What to do if you get a "Your connection is not private" error? Troubleshooting common database errors Resolving a “Site not installed” error Fixing the 500 Internal Server Error Troubleshooting an "Index of" page What do I do if I have a 403 forbidden page? What should I do if the page “Your IP has been banned” appears? What should I do if the page “Your request has been blocked” appears? Monitoring and managing automated emails in your web hosting plan How to react to abnormal activity detected on your web hosting Web hosting - My database is full, what should I do? Troubleshooting recurring errors when using FTP software Additional resources Web Hosting - List of IP addresses by cluster Technical specifications of Web Hostings Hebergement web - Versions disponibles des langages Reversibility Policy for the Managed Web Hosting product SQL Database EOS and EOL announcements Migrating MySQL to Percona Server for MySQL Managed Hosting for WordPress Getting started Discover Managed Hosting for WordPress (Beta version) Video Center Getting started Video Center - Manage your videos online SSL Gateway Getting started How to order an SSL Gateway Using the SSL Gateway Web Cloud Databases Getting started Getting started with the Web Cloud Databases service Getting started with MySQL and MariaDB Getting started with PostgreSQL Configuration Web Cloud Databases - How to authorize an IP address? Creating databases and users on your database server Web Cloud Databases - Modifying a user's rights Web Cloud Databases - Connecting to a database Configuring your database server Web Cloud Databases - How to manage logs How to detach the Web Cloud Databases solution from a web hosting plan Migration Backing up and exporting a database on your database server Restoring and importing a database to your database server Additional resources Web Cloud Databases EOS and EOL announcements Managed databases EOL policy Reversibility Policy for the Managed Database System for Web Hosting product Email and Collaborative Solutions Common email features Managing the security policy of an email service Using email aliases and redirections Deleting an email account Using the Outlook Web App (OWA) webmail Using the Outlook Web App with an email account Creating inbox rules in OWA (MX Plan) Creating automatic replies in OWA Sharing folders in OWA Sharing calendars in OWA Migrating Migrating an MX Plan email account to an Email Pro, Exchange or Zimbra account Manually migrate your email address Migrate email accounts via OVHcloud Mail Migrator Migrating your email addresses from one OVHcloud email platform to another Troubleshooting Unable to send or receive emails What to do if your account is blocked for spam Retrieve an email header and .eml file Managing the storage space for an email account Restoring deleted items from your email account MX Plan Overview Getting started Getting started with the MX Plan solution Creating an email address with an MX Plan solution Changing the password of an email account Using your email account via the Roundcube webmail interface FAQ OVHcloud emails How to use Zimbra webmail OVHcloud Zimbra FAQ Email account features MX Plan - How to create an automatic reply on an email address Managing and using mailing lists Creating filters for your email addresses MX Plan - Delegating the management of your email accounts to another person Setting up an email application on your computer MX Plan / Zimbra Starter - Setting up your e-mail address on Classic Outlook for Windows MX Plan - Configuring your email address in Outlook for macOS MX Plan - Configure your email account on Mail for macOS MX Plan - Setting up your email account on Thunderbird for Windows MX Plan - Configure your email account on Thunderbird for macOS MX Plan / Zimbra Starter - How to add an email account to the New Outlook for Windows Setting up an email application on your mobile device MX Plan - Configure your email account on Mail for iPhone and iPad MX Plan - Configure your email account on Gmail for Android MX Plan / Zimbra STARTER - Configuring Outlook for Android MX Plan - Configuring your email account in Outlook for iOS Adding your email account to an existing email service MX Plan - Configuring an email address on the Gmail online interface Email Pro Overview Getting started Configuring your Email Pro solution Managing the billing for your Email Pro accounts Delegating permissions on an email account Creating automatic signatures Setting up an email application on your computer Email Pro - Configuring an email account in Outlook Classic for Windows Email Pro - Configure your email account on Outlook for macOS Email Pro - Configure your email account on Mail for macOS Email Pro - Configure your Email Pro account on the New Outlook for Windows Email Pro - Configure your email account in Thunderbird for Windows Email Pro - Configure your email account on Thunderbird for macOS Setting up an email application on your mobile device Email Pro - Configure your email account on Mail for iPhone and iPad Email Pro - Configure your email account on Gmail for Android Email Pro - Configuring your email address in Outlook for Android Email Pro - Configuring your email account in Outlook for iOS Adding your email account to an existing email service Email Pro - Configure your email account on the Gmail online interface Microsoft Exchange Overview Getting started Getting started with the Hosted Exchange service Getting started with the Private Exchange service Private Exchange - Backing up your email accounts with Veeam Backup for Microsoft 365 Managing the billing for Exchange accounts How to add a domain name to your Exchange service Creating a CNAME record to validate your domain name on your email solution Responsibility model for the product Managed Email Server on Mutualized Infrastructure Responsibility model for the product Managed Dedicated E-mail Infrastructure Exchange account features Exchange - How to create contact groups Delegating permissions on an email account Configuring two-factor authentication on an Exchange account Using resource accounts Creating and using a shared account Creating automatic signatures How to obtain an Outlook licence for Exchange Configurer un connecteur d'envoi sur votre plateforme Private ou Trusted Exchange Setting up an email application on your computer Exchange - Configure your email account on Outlook for Windows Exchange - Configuring your email address in Outlook for macOS Exchange - Configuring your email account on macOS Mail Exchange - Configure your email account on Courrier for Windows Exchange - Configure your email account on Thunderbird for Windows Exchange - Configure your email account on Thunderbird for macOS Setting up an email application on your mobile device Exchange - Configure your email account on Mail for iPhone and iPad Exchange - Configure an email address in Gmail for Android Troubleshooting Using Exchange error diagnostics Exchange - How to manage logs Microsoft Office How to manage Microsoft 365 licence groups at OVHcloud Managing a group of OVHcloud Office 365 Reseller licences (CSP2) Using Remote Desktop with Microsoft 365 apps Zimbra Overview Getting started Getting started with the Zimbra solution How to use Zimbra webmail OVHcloud Zimbra FAQ How to configure a Zimbra email address on an email client How to migrate an MX Plan email address to an OVHcloud Zimbra account Zimbra - How to configure your email account on the Zimbra mobile app Zimbra - Synchronise a CalDAV calendar in an application Zimbra - Set up a WebDAV folder on your computer Setting up an email application on your computer Zimbra Pro - Configuring your email account via ActiveSync in Outlook for Windows Zimbra Pro - Configuring your email account via EWS in Outlook for Mac Zimbra Pro - Configuring your email account via EWS in Mail on Mac Setting up an email application on your mobile device Zimbra Pro - Configuring your email account via ActiveSync in Outlook for iOS Zimbra Pro - Configuring your email account via ActiveSync on Mail for iPhone or iPad Zimbra Pro - Configuring your email account via ActiveSync on Outlook for Android Zimbra Pro - Configuring your email account via ActiveSync on Gmail for Android Internet Internet access Overview Key concepts La desserte interne Comprendre le cycle de vie des commandes FTTE et FTTO Getting started FAQ solutions Internet OVHcloud Obtenir les identifiants PPPoE Configuration Setting up your access Configurer sa box a partir de l'espace client OVHcloud Modification du profil de synchronisation Comment configurer le reverse DNS de ma connexion Internet OVHcloud Activer l'adresse IPv6 d'une connexion Internet OVHcloud Managing your offer Comment changer mon offre xDSL/Fibre Fin du cuivre - Comment migrer mon offre xDSL vers la Fibre ? Comment demenager mon acces xDSL/Fibre Comment resilier un acces xDSL/Fibre VoIP / Acces Internet - Deroulement d'un RMA Managing your options Comment activer mes lignes telephoniques ? (Offres ADSL/VDSL/FTTH) Activer les adresses e-mail incluses dans votre offre FTTH/xDSL Advanced setup Comment activer le mode bridge sur un modem Zyxel Comment reutiliser le WiFi d'un modem Zyxel avec OverTheBox Activer ou desactiver l'envoi d'e-mails depuis le SMTP OVHcloud Gerer et configurer un bloc IP /29 Comment changer le backend ACS du modem Getting started with the OVHcloud Connectivity API Configurer un routeur manuellement Troubleshooting Redemarrer ou reinitialiser une box OVHcloud Depanner son acces Internet fibre Resoudre une interruption ou des lenteurs de navigation Retablir la synchronisation d'une connexion suite a une coupure Retablir un acces a Internet suite a une coupure complete ou partielle Verifier si son lien xDSL est sature Verifier la stabilite de son acces OVHcloud via les logs radius Activer une alerte de monitoring OverTheBox Overview Getting started Premiers pas avec OverTheBox Comment installer OverTheBox ? FAQ OverTheBox Configuration Managing your offer Comment changer mon offre OverTheBox Initial setup Comment mettre a jour un appareil OverTheBox ? Comment acceder a distance a une OverTheBox Comment configurer IPv6 sur OverTheBox ? Comment reinitialiser ou restaurer la configuration d'une OverTheBox Comment configurer le pare-feu (firewall) sur OverTheBox ? Comment configurer le reseau local d'une OverTheBox ? Comment configurer une route statique sur OverTheBox ? Comment configurer la qualite de service (QoS) sur OverTheBox ? Comment configurer un lien 4G sur OverTheBox? Advanced setup Comment configurer une interface reseau ? Installer l'image OverTheBox sur votre appareil Configurer un ancien appareil OverTheBox v1 (Intel & IT v1) Phone and Fax VoIP - Presentation de la documentation Getting started FAQ VoIP OVHcloud Gerer vos services VoIP Gerer vos groupes de telephonie Renseigner les coordonnees d'une ligne ou d'un numero et les faire paraitre en ligne Administration Valider votre identite pour l'utilisation des services VoIP Valider votre identite pour l'exploitation d'un numero special SVA Gerer les reversements ou les couts de vos numeros speciaux Gestion du depot de garantie et de la limite hors-forfait Effectuer un changement de contacts pour vos groupes de telephonie Comment resilier un service VoIP ou une ligne Fax VoIP / Acces Internet - Deroulement d'un RMA Configuration Telephone lines Ligne SIP - commander, modifier, rattacher ou detacher un telephone OVHcloud Configurer et consulter le repondeur de sa ligne Configurer la presentation de son numero Filtrer et renvoyer ses appels Configurer des plages horaires et des fermetures exceptionnelles sur une ligne Installer et configurer Softcall Gerer un carnet de contacts sur une ligne SIP Creer des numeros abreges Modifier les musiques et sonneries de votre ligne Activer ou desactiver des services depuis le telephone Gerer et utiliser les appels simultanes Configurer les touches programmables de votre telephone OVHcloud Gerer le mode intercom de votre ligne Configurer et utiliser le Click2Call sur une ligne SIP Statistiques sur la QoS des appels Numbers and aliases Demander et suivre une portabilite de numero Demander et suivre une portabilite de numero belge Choisir et appliquer une configuration pour un numero Configurer une redirection d'appels Configurer une file d'appels Configurer un serveur vocal interactif (SVI) Configurer un Contact Center Solution Creer et gerer des conferences telephoniques POPC Installer le logiciel POPC Prise en main du logiciel POPC IPBX How to deploy the 3CX IPBX automatically on OVHcloud Public Cloud Asterisk - configuration et utilisation Comment modifier le temps d’enregistrement d’une ligne sur Asterisk 3CX - Configuration et utilisation Freeswitch - configuration et utilisation Computer Telephony Integration (CTI) Integration CTI de la telephonie OVHcloud aux CRM et ERP - exemple avec SugarCRM Documentation technique CTI Projet communautaire CTI Tutorials Ligne SIP - Configuration sur un softphone / telephone personnel Enregistrer une ligne SIP OVHcloud sur Zoiper Tutoriel - Utiliser une ligne SIP OVHcloud sur Linphone Security Securiser sa ligne SIP OVHcloud Modifier le mot de passe d'une ligne SIP Restreindre sa ligne SIP OVHcloud par IP Troubleshooting Tutoriel - Diagnostic du reseau local Depanner son telephone OVHcloud Additional resources Guides d'utilisation de nos precedentes gammes de telephones Utiliser le Cisco 8851 Utiliser le Cisco 7841 Utiliser le Yealink T4X Utiliser le Yealink W56P Utiliser le Yealink CP860 Branchements du C530 IP Utiliser le Gigaset C530IP Depannage C530 IP Branchements SPA112 Adaptateur SPA112 Depannage SPA112 Branchements SPA504G Fonctionalites SPA504G Depannage SPA504G Branchements IP5000 Depannage IP5000 Fax Overview Getting started FAQ sur la solution Fax OVHcloud Configuration de votre ligne Fax Utiliser son fax physique avec l'offre Plug & Fax Activation du repondeur Fax EcoFax Pro / Plug & Fax Configuration Sending and receiving faxes Envoyer des fax par e-mail Envoyer une campagne de fax depuis l'espace client OVHcloud Envoyer des Fax via l'imprimante virtuelle EcoFax - macOS X Envoyer des Fax via l'imprimante virtuelle EcoFax - Windows Comment resilier un service VoIP ou une ligne Fax Messaging SMS Overview Getting started OVHcloud SMS FAQ Launching your first SMS campaign Time2Chat, la messagerie conversationnelle par SMS pour les entreprises Configuration Sending SMS messages Sending SMS messages via the OVHcloud Control Panel Sending SMS messages via an email address Sending SMS messages with the OVHcloud API in PHP Sending SMS messages with the OVHcloud API in Node.js Sending SMS messages with the OVHcloud API in Java Envoyer des SMS avec l’API OVHcloud en c# Sending SMS messages to the USA Sending SMS messages via a URL - http2sms Managing your solution Managing SMS credits and enabling automatic re-crediting Manage your SMS history Everything you need to know about SMS senders Everything you need to know about SMS users How to create an SMS recipient list Managing SMS address books Envoyer des SMS permettant la reponse Advanced usage Tout ce qu'il faut savoir sur le HLR - SMS API SMS Cookbook Automate SMS sending with n8n via the OVHcloud API SMPP Managing an SMS SMPP account SMPP Technical Specifications Storage and Backup Object Storage Overview S3 compatible Key Concepts Object Storage - Choosing the right storage class for your needs Object Storage - Endpoints and Object Storage geoavailability Comparison of Object Storage Deployment Modes - Understanding 3-AZ / 1-AZ / Local Zones Cold Archive - Overview Getting Started Object Storage - Getting started Cold Archive - Getting started with Cold Archive Object Storage - Identity and access management Configuration Object Storage - Getting Started with Versioning Object Storage - Smart Storage Management with Lifecycle Rules Object Storage - Master asynchronous replication across your buckets Object Storage - Server Access Logging Object Storage - Setting up CORS on Object Storage Object Storage - Bucket ACL Object Storage - Hosting a static website in an Object Storage bucket Object Storage - Enabling HTTPS on a static website using a custom domain Object Storage - How to connect Object Storage buckets with other resources in a vRack Migration Object Storage - How to migrate from an S3-compatible object storage provider to OVHcloud Object Storage Object Storage - How to migrate from OVHcloud Swift Object Storage to OVHcloud S3-compatible Object Storage Tutorials Object Storage - Use Object Storage with Rclone Object Storage - Use Object Storage with S3cmd Object Storage - Use Object Storage with WinSCP Object Storage - Use Object Storage with Veeam Object Storage - Use Object Storage with Nextcloud Object Storage - Use Object Storage with Owncloud Object Storage – Use Object Storage with Cohesity NetBackup Object Storage – Use Object Storage with Pure Storage Flashblade Object Storage - Manage an Object Storage bucket with Terraform Object Storage – How to share an object or file externally Security Object Storage - Encrypt your server-side objects with SSE-C or SSE-OMK Object Storage - Managing object immutability with Object Lock (WORM) Object Storage - Identity and access management Troubleshooting Object Storage - FAQ Cold Archive - FAQ Object Storage - Local Zones specifications Object Storage - Compliance Object Storage - Technical Limitations Object Storage - Optimising Performance Object Storage - Optimise the sending of your files to Object Storage Additional Resources Object Storage - Shared Responsibility Cold Storage - Shared Responsibility for archive and restoration services Object Storage - Third-party applications compatibility Swift Getting Started Object Storage Swift - Creating an Object Storage container Object Storage Swift - Getting started with the Swift API Object Storage Swift - Getting started with the Swift S3 API Configuration Object Storage Swift - Configure a domain name on your Object Storage container Object Storage Swift - Syncing object containers Object Storage Swift - Configure automatic object deletion Object Storage Swift - Setting up CORS on Object Storage Cloud Archive Swift - Manage your archives with an SFTP/SCP client Cloud Archive Swift - Creating a Public Cloud Archive container Cloud Archive Swift - Unfreezing your data stored in the Public Cloud Archive Cloud Archive Swift - Set up an Access Control List on Public Cloud Archive Migration Object Storage - How to migrate from OVHcloud Swift Object Storage to OVHcloud S3-compatible Object Storage Tutorials Object Storage Swift - Synchronise Synology NAS with Object Storage Object Storage Swift - Use S3QL to mount object storage containers Object Storage Swift - Managing Object Storage with CyberDuck Object Storage Swift - Using Object Storage with Rclone Object Storage Swift - Configure ownCloud with Object Storage Cloud Archive Swift - Managing your archives with a Swift client (Cyberduck) Cloud Archive Swift - Managing your archives with Rsync Security Object Storage Swift - Set up an Access Control List on Object Storage Troubleshooting Object Storage Swift - S3/Swift REST API compatibility Object Storage Swift - Capabilities and limitations Cloud Archive Swift - Capabilities and limitations Object Storage Swift - Optimised method for uploading files to Object Storage Additional Resources Object Storage Swift - Curl Command Memo Object Storage Swift - Swift commands Memo Cloud Archive Swift - Curl Command Memo Cloud Archive Swift - Swift Command Memo File Storage Overview Enterprise File Storage Overview Key concepts Enterprise File Storage - Concepts Enterprise File Storage - Performance Concepts Enterprise File Storage - FAQ Getting Started Managing Enterprise File Storage from the OVHcloud Control Panel Managing Enterprise File Storage with OVHcloud Terraform provider Enterprise File Storage - API Quickstart Enterprise File Storage - Getting started with Trident CSI Configuration Enterprise File Storage - Manage your snapshot policies Enterprise File Storage - Hold an automatic snapshot Enterprise File Storage - Restore a volume using the snapshot revert API Enterprise File Storage - Managing volumes Enterprise File Storage - Managing volume ACLs Enterprise File Storage - Managing volume snapshots Enterprise File Storage - NFS Client considerations Enterprise File Storage - Connect a Public Cloud instance to an EFS Volume via vRack Private Network Enterprise File Storage - Private network configuration Migration Enterprise File Storage - Clone a volume Additional resources File Storage services - Responsibility model File Storage reversibility policy HA-NAS Overview Key concepts HA-NAS - Frequently Asked Questions Getting Started Getting started with a HA-NAS solution HA-NAS - API Quickstart Configuration Mounting HA-NAS via NFS share Mount your HA-NAS via a CIFS share HA-NAS - Managing ACLs via API HA-NAS - Managing partitions via API HA-NAS - Managing snapshots via API Migration Migrating data from one HA-NAS to another via NFS Additional resources File Storage reversibility policy File Storage services - Responsibility model Public Cloud File Storage Key concepts Getting Started File Storage Service - Getting started (Beta) Block storage Overview Block volume Key concepts Proper Usage and Limitations of Classic Multi-Attach Block Storage in 3AZ Regions Getting Started How to create and configure an additional disk on an instance Creating a volume backup Creating a volume snapshot Configuration Creating a volume from a backup Increasing the size of an additional disk Test disk speed Migration Migrer un volume Block Storage vers un volume chiffre LUKS Change your block storage volume type Additional resources Public Cloud Block Storage - Shared responsibilities Cloud Disk Array Key concepts FAQ Getting Started Cloud Disk Array - User creation Cloud Disk Array - Pool creation Cloud Disk Array - IP ACL creation Configuration Change user rights CephFS distributed filesystem How to upgrade a Cloud Disk Array (CDA) using the OVHcloud API Access the cluster using rbd client Tutorials Using Ceph with Proxmox Additional resources Cluster status Storage Benchmarking Backup and disaster recovery solutions Backup Agent Key concepts Backup Agent - Product Overview Backup Agent - How Vaults work Getting started Backup Agent - How to configure your first backup Backup Agent - Managing your backups and restores Backup Agent - Connect to VSPC Troubleshooting Backup Agent - Troubleshooting Backup Agent - Restore a Bare Metal server with Veeam Backup Agent Additional resources Backup Agent - Known Restrictions Backup Agent - Billing Backup Agent - Service updates Backup Agent - Deletion Procedure Veeam Enterprise Plus Getting started Setting up Veeam Backup & Replication Configuration Preparing a Bare Metal Server backup with Veeam Enterprise Backing up a Bare Metal Linux Server with Veeam Enterprise Backing Up a Bare Metal Windows Server Using Veeam Agent for Windows Restoring a Bare Metal Server with Veeam Enterprise Security Encrypting backup jobs with Veeam and OKMS Managed Veeam for Public VCF aaS Getting started Public VCF as-a-Service - Backups with Veeam Data Platform HYCU for OVHcloud Getting started Configuring HYCU Backup Managed Kubernetes - Data Protection Tutorials Backup and Restore OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Cluster, Namespace and Applications using TrilioVault for Kubernetes Backing-up an OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes cluster using CloudCasa Backing up and restoring your Persistent Volume with Volume Snapshots on OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Backing-up an OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes cluster using Velero Backing-up Persistent Volumes using Stash Network Additional IP Key concepts Concepts - Primary IP and Additional IP Configuration Moving an Additional IP Configuring an Additional IP block in a vRack Configuring an Additional IPv6 block in a vRack Product-specific guides Dedicated Servers Configuring the network on Proxmox VE on the High Grade, Scale & Advance ranges Configuring Additional IPs in bridge mode on your virtual machines Tutorial - Configuring pfSense network bridge Configurer son adresse IP en alias Configuring the network on Windows Server with Hyper-V Assigning a Virtual MAC to an Additional IP Setting up a Virtual Machine using Additional IPs and Hyper-V over a vRack Hosted Private Cloud Adding a public IP address to a new VM Adding an IP block Load Balancer How to route an Additional IP Managed Bare Metal Adding an IP block Public Cloud Concepts - Additional IP or Floating IP Configuring an Additional IP Buying an Additional IP Migrating an Additional IP Importing an Additional IP Virtual Private Servers How to configure IP aliasing Troubleshooting How to delist blocklisted IP addresses Cancelling an Additional IP service Bring Your Own IP How to use the Bring Your Own IP feature BGP Service Configuration du service BGP Content Delivery Network (CDN) Infrastructure Configuring a domain name for the first time Understanding quota on the CDN Adding an SSL certificate on the CDN List of IP addresses to authorize for your CDN Infrastructure Load Balancer Overview Key concepts Introduction to the OVHcloud Load Balancer OVHcloud Load Balancer FAQ Getting Started Gestion du service OVHcloud Load Balancer via l'espace client Order a free SSL certificate Load Balancer API Quick Reference OVHcloud Load Balancer TCP / HTTP / HTTPS Logs Forwarding Load balancing methods Configuration Infrastructure How to route an Additional IP Configuring the vRack on the load balancer How to configure the OVHcloud Load Balancer in multiple zones Traffic Configuring HTTP/2 on an OVH Load Balancer service Comment configurer le SMTP sur un service Load Balancer Configuration of an OVHcloud Load Balancer service - HTTP headers Configuring an OVHcloud Load Balancer with ProxyProtocol Configuration of probes on an OVHcloud Load Balancer service Configuring an OVHcloud Load Balancer service with redirects Configuring an OVHcloud Load Balancer with HTTP routes Tracking connections on the OVHcloud Load Balancer Deployments Configuration of an OVHcloud Load Balancer service with HTTP/HTTPS Deploying a blue-green infrastructure Additional resources Details of API functions Troubleshooting Retrieving server health status Network Security Enabling and configuring the Edge Network Firewall How to protect a Game server with the application firewall Monitoring DDoS attacks with the Network Security Dashboard OVHcloud Connect Overview Key Concepts Concepts overview Layer 2 mode Layer 3 mode Getting started Installation of OVHcloud Connect Direct from the OVHcloud Control Panel Installation of OVHcloud Connect Provider from the OVHcloud Control Panel How to initiate a diagnostic for OVHcloud Connect from the OVHcloud Control Panel OVHcloud Connect Logs Forwarding FAQ OVHcloud Connect Configuration Configuration of OVHcloud Connect using OVHcloud APIv6 Troubleshooting Troubleshooting common errors setting up OVHcloud Connect Additional resources Technical capabilities and limitations SecNumCloud Concepts overview SPN Concept VPN-SPN Concept FAQ SecNumCloud Connectivity vRack Private Network Overview Configuration Configuring an Additional IP block in a vRack Configuring an Additional IPv6 block in a vRack Configuring Jumbo Frames in vRack Creating multiple vLANs in a vRack Change the announcement of an IP block in vRack Upgrade and downgrade private bandwidth (vRack) via the OVHcloud API Product-specific guides Dedicated Servers Configuring the network on Proxmox VE on the High Grade, Scale & Advance ranges Configuring the vRack on your dedicated servers Configuring the network on Windows Server with Hyper-V Configuring the vRack between the Public Cloud and a Dedicated Server Setting up a Virtual Machine using Additional IPs and Hyper-V over a vRack How to configure your NIC for OVHcloud Link Aggregation in Debian 9 to 11 Hosted Private Cloud Nutanix on OVHcloud Interconnect clusters through the vRack Changing the vRack of a Nutanix cluster VMware on OVHcloud How to create a VLAN Using Private Cloud within a vRack vRack compatibility with Hosted Private Cloud Load Balancer Configuring the vRack on the load balancer Managed Bare Metal Using Managed Bare Metal within a vRack VLAN creation Public Cloud Containers & Orchestration Using vRack Private Network Working with vRack example - Communicating between different private networks Using vRack - Communicating between different private networks Working with vRack example - Managed Kubernetes and Public Cloud instances Network Services Configuring vRack for Public Cloud Configuring vRack for Public Cloud using OVHcloud APIv6 Configuring vRack for Public Cloud using OpenStack CLI Configuring the vRack between the Public Cloud and a Dedicated Server Configuring a public IP block in a vRack on a Public Cloud instance vRack Services vRack Services - Exposing a Managed Service on your vRack Enterprise File Storage - Private network configuration Enterprise File Storage - Connect a Public Cloud instance to an EFS Volume via vRack Private Network Troubleshooting How to troubleshoot your network using OVHcloud tools How can I find out if my IP address is managed by OVHcloud? Manage and Operate API Getting started First Steps with the OVHcloud APIs Exploring the OVHcloud APIs APIv6 OVHcloud API v2 - Principles of operation Manage services Manage payment and billing of OVHcloud services Create a OVH sub-account and a user account with OVH API Managing OVHcloud service accounts via the API How to use service accounts to connect to OVHcloud APIs Generating OVHcloud account logs with Logs Data Platform User management & Federation Getting started Presentation of identities that can interact within an OVHcloud account Creating and managing local users on an OVHcloud account Managing OVHcloud service accounts via the API Federation Enabling Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) SSO connections with your OVHcloud account Enabling Google Workspace SSO connections with your OVHcloud account Enabling Entra ID SSO connections with your OVHcloud account Enabling Okta SSO connections with your OVHcloud account IAM How to use IAM policies using the OVHcloud API How to use IAM policies using the OVHcloud Control Panel List of permission groups managed by OVHcloud How to manage tags on resources Creating an IAM policy to allow users access to the OVHcloud Control Panel How to use IAM policies with vSphere How to use service accounts to connect to OpenStack How to analyse IAM policy results Generating OVHcloud account logs with Logs Data Platform Terraform Using Terraform with OVHcloud CLI Getting Started with OVHcloud CLI Observability Logs Data Platform Getting started Introduction to Logs Data Platform Quick start for Logs Data Platform Logs Data Platform - Responsibility model Reversibility Policy for the Managed Log Manager product OVHcloud Service Logs Generating OVHcloud account logs with Logs Data Platform Logs Data Platform - Collect VMware on OVHcloud logs Public Cloud Load Balancer TCP / HTTP / HTTPS Logs Forwarding Mettre en place le transfert de logs des bases de donnees Public Cloud (EN) Web Cloud Databases - How to manage logs Managed Kubernetes Service Audit Logs Forwarding Pushing logs from OVHcloud KMS to Logs Data Platform OVHcloud Connect Logs Forwarding IAM Ingesting your logs Field naming convention Mutualized Inputs Dedicated input - Logstash Mutualized input - OpenSearch API Pushing logs with a logging library - Python 2.x - Djehouty Pushing logs with a logging library - Python 3.x - logging-ldp Pushing logs with a logging library - Rust - gelf_logger and log4rs-gelf Pushing logs with a forwarder - Filebeat (Linux) Pushing logs with a forwarder - Syslog-ng 3.12.1+ (Linux) Pushing logs with a forwarder - NXLog (Windows) Pushing logs from software - Apache Pushing logs from a Kubernetes cluster to Logs Data Platform using Fluent Bit Generating OVHcloud account logs with Logs Data Platform SAP logs on OVHcloud Logs Data Platform - Configuration Logs Data Platform - Collect VMware on OVHcloud logs Visualizing, querying and exploiting your logs Exposing your logs to third-party tools via the OpenSearch API Using OpenSearch Dashboards with Logs Data Platform Using Grafana with Logs Data Platform CLI - ldp-tail, a tool to follow your logs in real-time CLI - bonfire, querying graylog from a CLI Alerting - Configuring alerts on your streams Alerting - Using ElastAlert 2 with Logs Data Platform OpenSearch Index as a service OpenSearch Index as a Service Security and conformity Archiving your logs - Cold-storage Encrypting your logs archives Securing Logs Data Platform's APIs with tokens Use cases Tracking slow MySQL queries with Logs Data Platform Supervising your HAProxy deployment with Logs Data Platform Pushing logs from a Kubernetes cluster to Logs Data Platform using Fluent Bit Handling roles and permissions when IAM is not enabled SAP logs on OVHcloud Logs Data Platform - Configuration Key Management Service (KMS) Getting started with OVHcloud Key Management Service (KMS) Using OVHcloud Key Management Service (KMS) Manage your OKMS access certificate OKMS Architecture overview OKMS - Shared responsibilities How to connect a compatible product using KMIP protocol How to Encrypt Kubernetes ETCD with OVHcloud KMS Pushing logs from OVHcloud KMS to Logs Data Platform Secret Manager Using the Secret Manager in the OVHcloud Control Panel Using the Secret Manager with the REST API Using the Secret Manager with the HashiCorp Vault KV2 compliant API Manage your OKMS access certificate OKMS Architecture overview OKMS - Shared responsibilities How to use Kubernetes External Secrets Operator with Secret Manager Account and service management Account Information Overview Getting started Creating an OVHcloud account Logging in to the OVHcloud Control Panel Setting and managing an account password Securing my OVHcloud account and managing my personal information Managing contacts for your services How to manage messages in your OVHcloud Control Panel Presentation of the new OVHcloud Control Panel navigation Sharing files with the Plik tool Users creation and management Presentation of identities that can interact within an OVHcloud account Creating and managing local users on an OVHcloud account How to use IAM policies using the OVHcloud API How to use IAM policies using the OVHcloud Control Panel Generating OVHcloud account logs with Logs Data Platform How to analyse IAM policy results List of permission groups managed by OVHcloud Creating an IAM policy to allow users access to the OVHcloud Control Panel Managing OVHcloud service accounts via the API Enabling Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) SSO connections with your OVHcloud account Enabling Google Workspace SSO connections with your OVHcloud account Enabling Entra ID SSO connections with your OVHcloud account Enabling Okta SSO connections with your OVHcloud account How to use IAM policies with vSphere How to use service accounts to connect to OpenStack How to use service accounts to connect to OVHcloud APIs How-to add an ssh key in the OVHcloud Control Panel (generated by AI) FAQ OVHcloud account management FAQ OVHcloud Support FAQ Security and conformity Securing your OVHcloud account with two-factor authentication Restrict IP access to the OVHcloud Control Panel Phishing - How to recognise fraudulent emails Information System Security Policy (ISSP) Dedicated Server Security Specifications Security specification for Private Cloud by VMmare Block Storage security specifications Security specification for Private Cloud VMmare under SecNumCloud qualification OVHcloud products ISO27k certifications OVHcloud products HDS certification Representation des garanties de la certification d'Hebergement de Donnees de Sante (HDS) sur les produits OVHcloud Managing billing, payments and services Renewing a service How to renew OVHcloud services How to renew OVHcloud domain names Renewing your services via the OVHcloud API Managing services Best practices for managing your OVHcloud services and account How to obtain the carbon footprint of your OVHcloud services Invoices, billing and payments Managing OVHcloud orders Managing payment methods Managing OVHcloud bills Purchase Order (PO) Payer une commande en tant qu’administration publique Hosted Private Cloud Hosted Private Cloud Billing AI Notebooks AI Notebooks - 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The default RAID level for OVHcloud server installations is RAID 1, which doubles the space taken up by your data, effectively halving the useable disk space. This guide explains how to manage and rebuild software RAID after a disk replacement on a server using UEFI boot mode. Before we begin, please note that this guide focuses on Dedicated servers that use UEFI as the boot mode. This is the case with modern motherboards. If your server uses the legacy boot (BIOS) mode, refer to this guide: Managing and rebuilding software RAID on servers in legacy boot (BIOS) mode . To check whether a server runs on legacy BIOS mode or UEFI boot mode, run the following command: For more information on UEFI, consult the following article . Requirements A dedicated server with a software RAID configuration Administrative (sudo) access to the server via SSH Understanding of RAID, partitions and GRUB Throughout this guide, we use the terms primary disk and secondary disk . In this context: The primary disk is the disk whose ESP (EFI System Partition) is mounted by Linux. The secondary disk(s) are all the other disks in the RAID. Instructions When you purchase a new server, you may feel the need to perform a series of tests and actions. One such test could be to simulate a disk failure to understand the RAID rebuild process. Content overview Basic Information Understanding the EFI System Partition (ESP) Simulating a disk failure Removing the failed disk Rebuilding the RAID (with non mirrored ESP) Rebuilding the RAID after the primary disk is replaced (rescue mode) Recreating the EFI System Partition Rebuilding RAID with unsynchronised ESPs after major system updates (GRUB) Rebuilding the RAID after the primary disk is replaced (normal mode) Rebuilding the RAID (with mirrored ESP) Adding the label to the SWAP partition (if applicable) Basic Information In a command line session, type the following code to determine the RAID status: From the results, we currently have two software RAID devices configured, md2 and md3 , with md3 being the larger of the two. md3 consists of two partitions, called nvme0n1p3 and nvme1n1p3 . The [UU] means that all the disks are working normally. A would indicate a failed disk. In other cases, you would get the following results: The results show three software RAID devices configured, md1 , md2 and md3 , with md3 being the larger of the three. md3 consists of two partitions, called nvme0n1p3 and nvme1n1p3 . For a server with SATA disks, you would get the following results: This command shows our RAID volumes, but not the partition sizes. We can find that information using : fdisk -l This command can also be used to identify the partition type. For GPT partitions, line 6 shows: . This information can only be seen when the server is in normal mode. Still going by the results, we see that consists of 1022 MiB and contains 474.81 GiB. If we were to run the command we can also find out the layout of the disk. Alternatively, the command offers a different view of the partitions: Furthermore, if we run , we obtain more information about these partitions, such as the LABEL and UUID: Note the devices, partitions, and mount points, as this is important, especially after replacing a disk. This will allow you to verify that the partitions are correctly mounted on their respective mount points on the new disk. In our example, we have: Partitions part of md2 (): nvme0n1p2 and nvme1n1p2 . Partitions part of md3 (): nvme0n1p3 and nvme1n1p3 . Swap partitions: nvme0n1p4 and nvme1n1p4 . Mounted ESP (): nvme0n1p1 . Unmounted ESP: nvme1n1p1 . The partition is a config drive , i.e. a read-only volume that provides the server with its initial configuration data. It is only read once during initial boot and can be removed afterwards. Understanding the EFI System Partition (ESP) Unfold this section What is an EFI System Partition? An EFI System Partition is a partition which can contain the boot loaders, boot managers, or kernel images of an installed operating system. It may also contain system utility programs designed to be run before the operating system boots, as well as data files such as error logs. Is the EFI System Partition mirrored in RAID? As of December 2025, only the following OS versions mirror the EFI System Partition in RAID for new installations or reinstallations: Debian 13 Proxmox 9 Ubuntu 25.10 AlmaLinux and Rocky Linux 10 Fedora 43 For earlier versions, the EFI partition is not mirrored in RAID; multiple ESPs are created, one per disk. However, only one ESP is mounted at a time. The ESP is mounted at , and the disk on which it is mounted is selected by Linux at boot. You can use the command to confirm whether your partition is part of a RAID setup. ESP not mirrored ESP mirrored From the above results, only one EFI system partition is mounted at . The ESPs are therefore not mirrored. From the results above, both EFI system partitions are mounted on . They are therefore mirrored in RAID. Does the content of the EFI System Partition change regularly? In general, the contents of this partition do not change much and should only change on bootloader (e.g. GRUB) updates. However, if your EFI partition is not mirrored, we recommend running an automatic or manual script to synchronise all ESPs, so that they all contain the same up-to-date files. This way, if the drive on which this partition is mounted fails, the server will be able to restart on the ESP of one of the other drives. What if the primary disk (with the mounted EFI system partition) fails? If your ESP is not mirrored, you may experience the following: Info Please note that while we explore the most common cases below, there are several other reasons a server may not start in normal mode after a disk replacement. Case Study 1 – There have been no changes or major updates (e.g., GRUB) to the OS. The server is able to boot in normal mode and you can proceed with the RAID rebuild. The server is unable to boot in normal mode, use the rescue mode environment to rebuild the RAID and recreate the EFI partition on the new disk. Case Study 2 – There have been major system updates (e.g., GRUB), and the ESPs are synchronised. The server is able to boot in normal mode because all ESPs are up-to-date, and the RAID rebuild can be performed in normal mode. The server is unable to boot in normal mode, use the rescue mode environment to rebuild the RAID and recreate the EFI partition on the new disk. Case Study 3 – There have been major system updates (e.g. GRUB) to the OS and the ESP partitions have not been synchronised. The server is unable to boot in normal mode, use the rescue mode environment to rebuild the RAID, recreate the EFI System Partition on the new disk, and reinstall the bootloader (e.g., GRUB). The server can boot in normal mode (for example, when the OS is upgraded but the GRUB version remains unchanged), allowing you to proceed with the RAID rebuild. In some cases, booting from an out-of-date ESP may fail; for example, a major GRUB update can render the GRUB binary in the ESP incompatible with newer GRUB modules in the partition. How can I synchronise my EFI System Partitions, and how often should I synchronise them? If your ESP is not mirrored, consider the following: Info Please note that depending on your operating system, the process might differ. For example, Ubuntu can keep multiple EFI System Partitions synchronised with every GRUB update, but it is the only OS that does so. We recommend consulting the official documentation of your OS to understand how to manage ESPs. In this guide, the operating system used is Debian. We recommend synchronising your ESPs regularly or after each major system update. By default, all EFI System partitions contain the same files after installation. However, after a major system update, synchronising the ESPs is necessary to ensure the content remains up-to-date. Running a script is an effective way to keep your partitions regularly synchronised. Below is a script you can use to manually sync your ESPs. Alternatively, you can set up an automated script to sync them daily or whenever the system boots. Before executing the script, ensure that is installed on your system: Debian/Ubuntu CentOS, Red Hat and Fedora To execute a script in Linux, you need an executable file: Start by creating a .sh file in the directory of your choice, replacing with the name of your choice: Open the file with a text editor and include the following lines: Save and exit the file. Make the script executable: Run the script: If you are not in the folder: When the script is executed, the contents of the mounted ESP will be synchronised with the others. You can then mount any unmounted EFI partition at the mount point: to access its contents. Simulating a disk failure Now that we have the necessary information, we can simulate a disk failure. In this example, we will fail the primary disk (note this is the disk with the mounted ESP). The preferred way to do this is via the OVHcloud rescue mode environment. Reboot the server into rescue mode and log in with the provided credentials. To remove a disk from the RAID, first mark it as Failed , then remove its partitions from the RAID arrays. Note : This is just an illustration; adapt the commands to your own configuration. From the above output, nvme0n1 consists of two partitions in RAID which are nvme0n1p2 and nvme0n1p3 . Removing the failed disk First, we mark the partitions nvme0n1p2 and nvme0n1p3 as failed: Next, we run the command: As shown above, the [F] next to the partitions indicates that the disk has failed or is faulty. Next, we remove these partitions from the RAID arrays to fully remove the disk from the RAID. The RAID status should now look like this: Now, only two partitions appear in the RAID arrays. We have successfully failed the disk nvme0n1 . To get a disk similar to an empty one, we run the following command on each partition and then on the disk: The disk now appears as a new, empty drive: To ensure that the disk has been successfully "wiped": For more information on how to prepare and request for a disk replacement, consult this guide . Additionally, if you run the following command, you'll get more details on the RAID arrays: We can now proceed with the disk replacement and RAID rebuild. Rebuilding the RAID (with non mirrored ESP) Info This process may differ depending on the operating system installed on your server. We recommend that you consult the official documentation of your operating system to have access to the proper commands. If your server is able to boot in normal mode after the disk replacement, simply proceed with the steps from this section if your EFI system partition is not mirrored or this section if your EFI system partition is mirrored. Rebuilding the RAID after the primary disk is replaced (rescue mode) Once the disk has been replaced, copy the partition table from the healthy disk (in this example, nvme1n1) to the new one (nvme0n1). For GPT partitions The command should be in this format: Example: Run to make sure the partition tables have been properly copied: Next, randomise the GUID of the new disk to prevent GUID conflicts with other disks: If you receive the message below: Run the command. Next, we rebuild the RAID array. The following code snippet shows how to add the new partitions ( and ) back into the RAID array. To check the rebuild process: Once the RAID rebuild is complete, run the following command to make sure that the partitions have been properly added to the RAID: Based on the results above, the partitions on the new disk have been correctly added to the RAID. However, the EFI System Partition and the SWAP partition (in some cases) have not been duplicated, which is normal since they are not included in the RAID. Warning The examples above are merely illustrating the necessary steps based on a default server configuration. The information in the output table depends on your server's hardware and its partition scheme. When in doubt, consult the documentation of your operating system. If you require professional assistance with server administration, consider the details in the Go further section of this guide. Recreating the EFI System Partition To recreate the EFI system partition on the new disk, we need to format nvme0n1p1 and then replicate the contents of the healthy partition (in our example: nvme1n1p1) onto it. Here, we assume that both partitions have been synchronised and contain up-to-date files. Warning If there was a major system update such as kernel or grub and both partitions were not synchronised, consult this section once you are done creating the new EFI System Partition. First, format the partition: Next, label the partition as (this naming is specific to OVHcloud): Next, duplicate the contents of nvme1n1p1 to nvme0n1p1. Start by creating two folders, named "old" and "new" in this example: Mount nvme1n1p1 in the 'old' folder and nvme0n1p1 in the 'new' folder to make the distinction: Copy the files from the 'old' folder to 'new' one: Once this is done, unmount both partitions: Next, mount the partition containing the root of the operating system on . In this example, that partition is md3 . Mount the following directories to ensure that all changes made in the environment work correctly: Next, use the command to access the mount point and verify that the new ESP has been properly created and that the system recognises both ESPs: To view the ESP partitions, run the command : The results show that the new ESP has been created correctly and that the LABEL has been applied properly. Once done, exit the environment: Next, consult this section to recreate the SWAP partition (if applicable). Rebuilding RAID with unsynchronised ESPs after major system updates (GRUB) Unfold this section Warning Only follow the steps in this section if they apply to your case. If the primary disk is replaced while it contains EFI system partitions that have not been synchronised after major system updates that have modified the GRUB, booting from one of the secondary disks with an obsolete ESP may fail. In this case, along with rebuilding the RAID and recreating the EFI system partition in rescue mode, you must also reinstall GRUB on it. Once the ESP has been created (as explained above) and the system recognises both partitions, still in the environment, create the folder to mount the new EFI system partition nvme0n1p1 : Next, reinstall the GRUB bootloader: Then, run the following command: Once done, exit the environment: Next, consult this section to recreate the SWAP partition (if applicable). Rebuilding the RAID after the primary disk is replaced (normal mode) Unfold this section If your server is able to boot in normal mode after the primary disk is replaced, proceed with the following steps to rebuild the RAID. Once the disk is replaced, copy the partition table from the healthy disk (in this example, ) to the new disk (). For GPT partitions The command should be in this format: . Next, randomise the GUID of the new disk to prevent GUID conflicts with other disks: If you receive the following message: Run the command. If you still cannot see the newly-created partitions (by running ), you need to reboot the server before continuing. Next, add the partitions to the RAID: Use the following command to monitor the RAID rebuild: Once the rebuild is done, recreate the EFI System Partition on the new disk. First, make sure the necessary tools are installed: Debian and Ubuntu CentOS Format the partition. In our example : Label the partition as (this naming is specific to OVHcloud): Once done, synchronise both partitions using the script provided in this guide. Verify that the new EFI System Partition has been properly created and the system recognises it: Next, consult this section to recreate the SWAP partition (if applicable). Rebuilding the RAID (with mirrored ESP) Unfold this section In rescue mode In normal mode Rebuilding the RAID with all partitions mirrored is easier; simply copy the data from the healthy disk to the new disk and recreate the [SWAP] partition (if applicable). From the illustrations above, the RAID status should like this after a disk failure: After the disk is replaced, the first step is to copy the partition table from the healthy disk (in this example, nvme1n1) to the new one (nvme0n1). For GPT partitions The command should be in this format: . In our example: Run to make sure the partition tables have been properly copied: Next, randomise the GUID of the new disk to prevent GUID conflicts with other disks: If you receive the message below: Run the command. We can now rebuild the RAID array. The following code snippet shows how to add the new partitions (nvme0n1p1, nvme0n1p2 and nvme0n1p3) back in the RAID array. To check the rebuild process: Once the rebuild is complete, run the following command to make sure that the partitions have been properly added to the RAID: Once done, consult this section to recreate the SWAP partition (if applicable). From the illustrations above, the RAID status should look like this after a disk failure: Once the disk is replaced, copy the partition table from the healthy disk (in this example, ) to the new disk (). For GPT partitions The command should be in this format: . Next, randomise the GUID of the new disk to prevent GUID conflicts with other disks: If you receive the following message: Run the command. If you still cannot see the newly-created partitions (e.g. with ), you need to reboot the server before continuing. Next, add the partitions to the RAID: Use the following command to monitor the RAID rebuild: Once the RAID rebuild is complete, consult this section to recreate the SWAP partition (if applicable). Adding the label to the SWAP partition (if applicable) Unfold this section Using rescue mode Using normal mode Outside the environment, recreate the [SWAP] partition nvme0n1p4 and add the label : Verify that the label has been properly applied: Access the environment again: Retrieve the UUID of both SWAP partitions: Next, replace the old UUID of the SWAP partition ( nvme0n1p4 ) with the new one in the file: Example: Based on the above results, the old UUID is and should be replaced with the new one . Make sure you replace the correct UUID. Next, verify that everything is properly mounted with the following command: Activate the SWAP partition: Exit the chroot environment with and reload the system: Unmount all the disks: To recreate the SWAP partition, perform the following steps: First, recreate the partition on nvme0n1p4 and add the label swap-nvme0n1p4 : Retrieve the UUIDs of both SWAP partitions: Replace the old UUID of the SWAP partition ( nvme0n1p4 ) with the new one in : Example: Based on the above results, the old UUID is and should be replaced with the new one . Make sure to replace the correct UUID. Next, run the following command to activate the SWAP partition: Next, reload the system: We have now completed the RAID rebuild. Go further Hot Swap - Software RAID OVHcloud API and Storage Managing hardware RAID Hot Swap - Hardware RAID For specialised services (SEO, development, etc.), contact OVHcloud partners . 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Yes No Edit this page Last updated : 4/1/2026, 11:04:59 AM Previous page Managing and rebuilding software RAID on servers using legacy boot (BIOS) mode Next page Managing hardware RAID On this page Objective Requirements Instructions Content overview Basic Information Understanding the EFI System Partition (ESP) Simulating a disk failure Removing the failed disk Rebuilding the RAID (with non mirrored ESP) Rebuilding the RAID after the primary disk is replaced (rescue mode) Recreating the EFI System Partition Rebuilding RAID with unsynchronised ESPs after major system updates (GRUB) Rebuilding the RAID after the primary disk is replaced (normal mode) Rebuilding the RAID (with mirrored ESP) Adding the label to the SWAP partition (if applicable) Go further Edit this page 🚀 Share your feedback on the new documentation Your feedback helps our teams improve your experience. 2 minutes · Anonymous No thanks Respond